Expanding outpatient benefits package can reduce diabetes-related avoidable hospitalizations.

Objective: To evaluate the policy effect of replacing hospitalization service with outpatient service and reducing diabetes-related avoidable hospitalizations by improving outpatient benefits package.

Methods: A database of hospital discharge from 2015 to 2017 in City Z was used. All diabetic inpatient cases enrolled in Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance were selected as the intervention group, and diabetic inpatient cases enrolled in Urban and Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance were selected as the control group.

The Association between Urbanization and Depression among the Middle-Aged and Elderly: A Longitudinal Study in China.

Urbanization has been and will continue to be the mainstream trend of global population movement, including China. Depression is the most common mental disorders and the leading factor of disabilities. However, the impacts of urbanization on the depression occurrence are still unclear.

[Influence of contractual medical association on inpatient service performance].

Objective: To study the influence of contractual medical association on inpatient service performance.

Methods: The data came from "Database of Inpatient Record" administered by Department of Medical Insurance. Using diagnosis related groups (DRG) as the tool of risk-adjustment, the third-tier general hospitals and second-tier general hospitals in medical alliance as the intervention group, and the average level of the same grade local hospitals as the control group, the influence of medical alliance on inpatient service performance was evaluated.

[An empirical analysis on the substitution effect of outpatient services on inpatient services].

Objective: To study the substitution effect of outpatient services on inpatient services and provide suggestions on designing outpatient policies.

Methods: The data were from 13 districts/counties in one area of eastern China from 2007 to 2013 for the new cooperative medical scheme. This study employed a fixed effects model to analyze the impacts of outpatient visit times, expenditure amounts and reimbursements on inpatient services.

[Impact of primary care oriented outpatient benefit package design in new rural cooperative medical system on hypertension outpatient services utilization].

Objective: To study the impact of primary care oriented outpatient benefits package design of outpatient services coverage and ladder reimbursement of county, town and village levels in the new rural cooperative medical system (NRCMs) on hypertension outpatient services utilization.

Methods: The panel data of treatment and control groups in 2009 and 2011 before and after the policy reform were drawn from the household survey data of the innovative payment system project. The difference in difference (DID) method was used for data analysis.

Oral zinc supplementation for the treatment of acute diarrhea in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Evidence supporting the impact of therapeutic zinc supplementation on the duration and severity of diarrhea among children under five is largely derived from studies conducted in South Asia. China experiences a substantial portion of the global burden of diarrhea, but the impact of zinc treatment among children under five has not been well documented by previously published systematic reviews on the topic. We therefore conducted a systematic literature review, which included an exhaustive search of the Chinese literature, in an effort to update previously published estimates of the effect of therapeutic zinc.

[Social determinants of chronic disease in a working population in China].

Objective: To identify the social determinants of chronic disease in China.

Methods: Cross sectional data of working population aged from 18 to 60 years were drawn from the database of Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2010. Logistic regression model was used for analyzing the difference of chronic conditions prevalence among the self-evaluated social status, income, education, working organizations and properties and management positions, respectively.

Evaluating performance of local case-mix system by international comparison: a case study in Beijing, China.

Background: Case-mix is an important tool for health planning and management in many countries. As a major developing country, China is considering the introduction of the case-mix system in the health reform. Beijing, the capital of China, developed a local case-mix version whose performance needs to be evaluated before utilization.

[Empirical analysis of relationship between scales and outputs of inpatient services of public comprehensive hospitals in Beijing area].

Objective: To analyze the relationship between scale and outputs of inpatient services of public general hospitals.

Methods: Data on hospital scales and outputs were drawn from Beijing Health Statistics Annuals and the Database of Inpatient Record administered by Beijing Health Bureau. The outputs of inpatient services were measured, risk-adjusted by Beijing Diagnosis Related Groups (BJ-DRGs).

[An international comparison of physician control systems].

This study compares physicians' regulations set by the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada and Germany which have typical healthcare systems. Physicians' regulations are defined in this study as four aspects: physicians' training and qualifications, career pathways, payment methods and behavior regulations. Strict access rules, practicing with freedom, different training models between general and special practitioners, health services priced by negotiations and regulations by professional organizations are the common features of physicians' regulations in these four western countries.

[Using diagnosis relative groups mortality risk classification to assess medical quality].

Objective: To introduce diagnosis related groups to assess the medical quality and try to establish an effective quality evaluation approach.

Methods: Using Australia-Refined Diagnosis Related Groups, version 5.0 (AR-DRGs v5.