Pediatric temporal fistula: Report of three cases.

Background: Pediatric temporal fistulae are rarely reported in the literature. Dissemination of these cases can help inform future diagnosis and effective treatment.

Case Summary: Three pediatric patients came to the clinic due to repeated infections of the skin and soft tissue of the temporal area.

Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier in Spinal Cord Injury: A Review.

The blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), a physical barrier between the blood and spinal cord parenchyma, prevents the toxins, blood cells, and pathogens from entering the spinal cord and maintains a tightly controlled chemical balance in the spinal environment, which is necessary for proper neural function. A BSCB disruption, however, plays an important role in primary and secondary injury processes related to spinal cord injury (SCI). After SCI, the structure of the BSCB is broken down, which leads directly to leakage of blood components.

Active Soil Nitrifying Communities Revealed by Transcriptomics and Microcosm-Based Stable-Isotope Probing.

Long-term nitrogen field fertilization often results in significant changes in nitrifying communities that catalyze a key step in the global N cycle. However, whether microcosm studies are able to inform the dynamic changes in communities of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) under field conditions remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the transcriptional activities of nitrifying communities under conditions, and we found that they were largely similar to those of C-labeled nitrifying communities in the urea-amended microcosms of soils that had received different N fertilization regimens for 22 years.

Roles of extra-cellular signal-regulated protein kinase 5 signaling pathway in the development of spinal cord injury.

Background: In consideration of characteristics and functions, extra-cellular signal-regulated protein kinase 5 (ERK5) signaling pathway could be a new target for spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment. Our study aimed to evaluate the roles of ERK5 signaling pathway in secondary damage of SCI.

Methods: We randomly divided 70 healthy Wistar rats into five groups: ten in the blank group, 15 in the sham surgery + BIX02188 (sham + B) group, 15 in the sham surgery + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; sham + D) group, 15 in the SCI + BIX02188 (SCI + B) group, and 15 in the SCI + DMSO (SCI + D) group.

The mitochondrial transfer RNAAsp A7551G mutation may contribute to the clinical expression of deafness associated with the A1555G mutation in a pedigree with hearing impairment.

The role of mitochondrial (mt)DNA variations in hearing loss have been studied extensively; in particular, the well‑known pathogenic A1555G mutation in the human mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene is associated with aminoglycoside‑induced and non‑syndromic hearing loss. The present paper described a Chinese pedigree with hearing impairments. We first performed polymerase chain reaction and direct sequence analysis for the mtDNA genes.

[Research progress of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate in cardiovascular complication of end-stage renal diseases].

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common complications and the main cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease. Uremic toxins are the primary cause of cardiovascular disease in renal insufficiency. In patients with chronic kidney disease, the protein-bound uremic toxins represented by indoxyl sulfate are difficult to be removed by conventional dialysis and are extremely toxic.

Fine motor skill training enhances functional plasticity of the corticospinal tract after spinal cord injury.

Following central nervous system injury, axonal sprouts form distal to the injury site and extend into the denervated area, reconstructing neural circuits through neural plasticity. How to facilitate this plasticity has become the key to the success of central nervous system repair. It remains controversial whether fine motor skill training contributes to the recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury.

[Effect of GABA(B) Receptor Signal to Corticosterone-induced Neuron Apoptosis].

Objective: To investigate whether corticosterone results in neuron apoptosis through regulating γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor.

Methods: In vivo: the hyperglycemic rat model with applying chronic restraint stress to healthy male SD rats (3 months) was established, after paraffin embedding the brain was sliced, and the level of neuron apoptosis was tested by detecting active Caspase-3 with immune-histochemical staining and TUNEL. The level of corticosterone in serum was detected by using ELISA.

[The distribution of caspase-3 positive apoptotic cells in 18 months old SD rat's brainstem compared with that in 3 months rat].

Objective: To study whether there is apoptosis in brainstem neurons while aging by oberving the distribution of Caspase-3 positive apoptotic cells in in brainstem of young and old SD rats.

Methods: Healthy male SD rats were divided into 2 groups (3 and 18 month-old respectively), 3 rats each group. Brainstem specimens were treated followed the brainstem's common paraffin embedding, sectioning and HE staining procedures (sections were 6 μm in thickness).

[Establishment of chronic constraint stress animal model and its application in the study of hyperglycemia].

Objective: To explore chronic constraint stress (CCS) animal model in the application to observe hyperglycemia by improving the method of constraint, diet food and blood glucose assay.

Methods: Chronic constraint stress was performed 12 h per day on SD rats for 4 periods with 10 d per periods. The rats were fed normal diet (ND) or high fat diet (HFD) respectively, while HFD+ Streptozotocin (STZ) and HFD as control.

[Data analysis of laser desorption/ionization mass spectrum of individual particle using adaptive resonance theory based neural network].

On-line measurement of size and chemical composition of single particle using an aerosol laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ALTOFMS) was designed in our lab. Each particle's aerodynamic diameter is determined by measuring the delay time between two continuous-wave lasers operating at 650 nm. A Nd : YAG laser desorbs and ionizes molecules from the particle, and the time-of-flight mass spectrometer collects a mass spectrum of the generated ions.

[Evaluation and clinical significance of HBV large protein (LHBs) in diagnosis of hepatitis B].

Objective: To explore the significance of HBV large protein (LHBs) in diagnosis of hepatitis B, we detected the LHBs, HBV DNA, PreS1 and other hepatitis B viral markers (HBV M) in the serum of patients infected with HBV.

Methods: HBV DNA was quantitatively detected using RT-PCR, LHBs, PreS1 and HBV M were analyzed by ELISA in totally 385 serum samples.

Results: There was a significant difference between the positive rate of LHBs (86.