Enhancing the color and stress tolerance of cherry shrimp (Neocaridina davidi var. red) using astaxanthin and Bidens Pilosa.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of astaxanthin and Bidens Pilosa compound feed additives on the color and hypoxia tolerance of cherry shrimp (Neocaridina davidi var. red). Color parameters were assessed using CIELAB color space, and differential gene expression related to color and stress was analyzed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to understand the gene regulatory mechanisms affecting color expression and stability.

Interaction between catechol-O-methyltransferase Val/Met polymorphism and cognitive reserve for negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

Background: Cognitive reserve (CR) and the catechol-O-methyltransferase () Val/Met polymorphism are reportedly linked to negative symptoms in schizophrenia. However, the regulatory effect of the genotype on the relationship between CR and negative symptoms is still unexamined.

Aim: To investigate whether the relationship between CR and negative symptoms could be regulated by the Val/Met polymorphism.

Further clarification of cognitive processes of prospective memory in schizophrenia by comparing eye-tracking and ecologically-valid measurements.

The aim of this study is to compare ecologically-valid measure (the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test, CAMPROMPT) and laboratory measure (eye-tracking paradigm) in assessing prospective memory (PM) in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). In addition, eye-tracking indices are used to examine the relationship between PM and other cognitive domains in SSDs patients. Initially, the study sample was formed by 32 SSDs patients and 32 healthy control subjects (HCs) who were matched in sociodemographic profile and the performance on CAMPROMPT.

The deficient cue monitoring and the facilitating effect of prosocial intention on prospective memory in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

The study aimed to investigate the cognitive processing of prospective memory (PM) in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) by using an eye-tracking paradigm. In addition, the facilitating effects of prosocial intention (the desire to help others) on PM in SSDs were also examined. In phase 1, 26 patients (group1) and 25 healthy controls (HCs) were compared in an eye-tracking PM paradigm in terms of the PM accuracy and eye-tracking indices.

Chinese herbal formula shen-ling-bai-zhu-san to treat chronic gastritis: Clinical evidence and potential mechanisms.

Background: Chronic gastritis (CG) is an inflammatory disease of the gastric mucosa. Shen-ling-bai-zhu san (SLBZS), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, is widely used for treating CG. Nevertheless, its effects are currently unclear.

[Antibiotic use in very low birth weight/extremely low birth weight infants in 15 hospitals in Jiangsu Province of China: a multicenter survey].

Objectives: To investigate the current status of antibiotic use in very low birth weight/extremely low birth weight infants in Jiangsu Province of China, and to provide a clinical basis for the quality and improvement of antibiotic management in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the data on general conditions and antibiotic use in the very low birth weight/extremely low birth weight infants who were admitted to 15 hospitals of Jiangsu Province from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. A questionnaire containing 10 measures to reduce antibiotic use was designed to investigate the implementation of these intervention measures.

A multicenter retrospective study on survival rate and complications of very preterm infants.

Objectives: To study the survival rate and the incidence of complications of very preterm infants and the factors influencing the survival rate and the incidence of complications.

Methods: The medical data of the very preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 weeks and who were admitted to the Department of Neonatology in 11 hospitals of Jiangsu Province in China from January 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Their survival rate and the incidence of serious complications were analyzed.

Investment Case for a Comprehensive Package of Interventions Against Hepatitis B in China: Applied Modeling to Help National Strategy Planning.

Background: In 2016, the first global viral hepatitis elimination targets were endorsed. An estimated one-third of the world's population of individuals with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection live in China and liver cancer is the sixth leading cause of mortality, but coverage of first-line antiviral treatment was low. In 2015, China was one of the first countries to initiate a consultative process for a renewed approach to viral hepatitis.

TLR4 deficiency abrogated widespread tactile allodynia, but not widespread thermal hyperalgesia and trigeminal neuropathic pain after partial infraorbital nerve transection.

Pain sensitization after partial infraorbital nerve transection (p-IONX) in mice not only presents in orofacial region, but also spreads to distant body parts. The roles of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in orofacial pain and the spreading process are still unclear. Here, we found that mice with deficient TLR4 because of Tr4 gene point mutation (C3H/HeJ) or spontaneous deletion (C57BL/10ScNJ) developed tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in the vibrissal pad in a parallel way to their respective wild types (C3HeB/FeJ or C57BL/6J) after p-IONX.

Pre-stroke Metformin Treatment is Neuroprotective Involving AMPK Reduction.

Long-term metformin treatment reduces the risk of stroke. However, the effective administration pattern and indications of metformin on acute cerebral ischemia are unclear. To investigate the neuroprotective treatment duration and dosage of metformin on focal ischemia mice and the association of neuroprotection with 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulations, male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to permanent or transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and metformin of 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected 1, 3 or 7 days prior to MCAO, or at the onset, or 1, 3 or 6 h after reperfusion, respectively.

A critical time window for the analgesic effect of central histamine in the partial sciatic ligation model of neuropathic pain.

Background: It is known that histamine participates in pain modulation. However, the effect of central histamine on neuropathic pain is not fully understood. Here, we report a critical time window for the analgesic effect of central histamine in the partial sciatic nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain.

Oral Administration of Pregabalin in Rats before or after Nerve Injury Partially Prevents Spontaneous Neuropathic Pain and Long Outlasts the Treatment Period.

Background And Methods: Pregabalin alleviates stimulus-evoked neuropathic pain (NeuP) in some pain patients and rodents in models of painful neuropathies. But it is not known if pregabalin can also alleviate spontaneous NeuP. Sciatic and saphenous neurectomy in rats elicits spontaneous self-mutilation of the denervated hindpaw, a behavior that models spontaneous NeuP.

Widespread pain sensitization after partial infraorbital nerve transection in MRL/MPJ mice.

Clinical studies show that chronic pain can spread to adjacent or even distant body regions in some patients. However, little is known about how this happens. In this study, we found that partial infraorbital nerve transection (p-IONX) in MRL/MPJ mice induced not only marked and long-lasting orofacial thermal hyperalgesia but also thermal hyperalgesia from day 3 postoperatively (PO) and tactile allodynia from day 7 PO in bilateral hind paws.

[Antiepileptic effect of low-frequency electrical stimulation is waveform-dependent in hippocampal kindled mice].

Objective: To investigate whether the waveform of electrical stimulus affects the antiepileptic effect of focal low-frequency stimulation (LFS).

Methods: The antiepileptic effects of the LFS in sine, monophase square and biphase square waves were investigated in hippocampal kindled mice, respectively.

Results: Compared to the control group, sine wave focal LFS (30 s) inhibited seizure stages (2.

Early treatment of minocycline alleviates white matter and cognitive impairments after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.

Subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion develops with progressive white matter and cognitive impairments, yet no effective therapy is available. We investigated the temporal effects of minocycline on an experimental SIVD exerted by right unilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (rUCCAO). Minocycline treated at the early stage (day 0-3), but not the late stage after rUCCAO (day 4-32) alleviated the white matter and cognitive impairments, and promoted remyelination.

Protective effect of carnosine on febrile seizures in immature mice.

Febrile seizures (FSs) are the most common type of convulsions in childhood and complex FSs represent an increased risk for development of temporal lobe epilepsy. The aim of this study was to analyze the anticonvulsant effects of carnosine, an endogenous dipeptide composed of alanine and histidine, on hyperthermia induced seizure in immature mice. Injection of carnosine significantly increased the latency and decreased the duration of FSs in a dose-dependent manner.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by tunicamycin and thapsigargin protects against transient ischemic brain injury: Involvement of PARK2-dependent mitophagy.

Transient cerebral ischemia leads to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, the contributions of ER stress to cerebral ischemia are not clear. To address this issue, the ER stress activators tunicamycin (TM) and thapsigargin (TG) were administered to transient middle cerebral artery occluded (tMCAO) mice and oxygen-glucose deprivation-reperfusion (OGD-Rep.

Histamine upregulates Nav1.8 expression in primary afferent neurons via H2 receptors: involvement in neuropathic pain.

Introduction: The upregulation of Nav1.8 in primary afferents plays a critical role in the development and persistence of neuropathic pain. The mechanisms underlying the upregulation are not fully understood.

A novel neuroprotective strategy for ischemic stroke: transient mild acidosis treatment by CO2 inhalation at reperfusion.

Acidosis is one of the key components in cerebral ischemic postconditioning that has emerged recently as an endogenous strategy for neuroprotection. We set out to test whether acidosis treatment at reperfusion can protect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Adult male C57BL/6 J mice were subjected to 60-minute middle cerebral arterial occlusion followed by 24-hour reperfusion.

[Protective effects of beraprost plus simvastatin on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats].

Objective: To explore the protective effects of beraprost plus simvastatin on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats.

Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to control (C), untreated pulmonary arterial hypertension (P), beraprost (B), simvastatin (S) and combination groups (Com) (n = 8 each). Normal saline was injected subcutaneously into group C and then there was no other intervention for 21 days.

Modulation of astrocytic glutamine synthetase expression and cell viability by histamine in cultured cortical astrocytes exposed to OGD insults.

Histamine, a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator has been demonstrated to be neuroprotective in cerebral ischemia. However, few reports concern its function on astrocytes during cerebral ischemia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of histamine on astrocytic cell damage and glutamate signaling, especially on glutamine synthetase (GS) expression in primary cultured cortical astrocytes exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) insult.

Histamine modulation of acute nociception involves regulation of Nav 1.8 in primary afferent neurons in mice.

Aims: To explore the role of histamine in acute pain perception and its possible mechanisms.

Methods: Pain-like behaviors induced by four types of noxious stimuli (hot-plate, tail-pressure, acetic acid, and formalin) were accessed in mice. Nav 1.

Effects of histamine on spontaneous neuropathic pain induced by peripheral axotomy.

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of histamine on spontaneous neuropathic pain (NP) induced by peripheral axotomy. Rats and mice were subjected to complete transection of the left sciatic and saphenous nerves to induce spontaneous NP (the neuroma model). Rats were then treated with drugs once daily for 30 days (histidine and loratadine, i.

Protective effect of carnosine on subcortical ischemic vascular dementia in mice.

Aims: Recently, we found carnosine protects against N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) induced excitotoxicity through a histaminergic pathway. The aim of this study was to determine whether the carnosine-histidine-histamine pathway also played a protective role in subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD).

Methods: Adult male mice (C57BL/6 strain) were subjected to right unilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (rUCCAO) and treated with carnosine or histidine.

Wide therapeutic time-window of low-frequency stimulation at the subiculum for temporal lobe epilepsy treatment in rats.

Low-frequency stimulation (LFS) has been considered as an option for the treatment of intractable epilepsy. However, previous data showed that LFS of certain brain regions only exerts its effect within a very narrow therapeutic time window, which lasts from seconds to tens of seconds, thus restricting its clinical application. The present study was designed to determine whether there exists a target with a wider therapeutic window for LFS treatment.