Extracellular Matrix Remodelling of the Periodontium under Orthodontic Force.

As the biological mechanisms of orthodontic tooth movement have been explored further, scholars have gradually focused on the remodelling mechanism of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the periodontal ligament (PDL). The ECM of the PDL consists of various types of collagens and other glycoproteins. The specific process and mechanism of ECM remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement remains unclear.

Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Alleviate High-Altitude Cerebral Oedema by Shifting Microglial M1/M2 Polarisation.

Objective: To explore the high-efficiency and low-risk prevention and treatment strategies for stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) for high-altitude cerebral oedema.

Methods: A low-pressure and low-oxygen tank mimicking high-altitude conditions was used to establish the high-altitude cerebral oedema animal model. The preventive effects of SHED for cerebral oedema were then evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and histological staining.

Semaglutide ameliorates cognition and glucose metabolism dysfunction in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease via the GLP-1R/SIRT1/GLUT4 pathway.

Disorders of brain glucose metabolism is known to affect brain activity in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, recent evidence has shown an association between AD and type 2 diabetes. Numerous reports have found that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists improve the cognitive behavior and pathological features in AD patients and animals, which may be related to the improvement of glucose metabolism in the brain.

Effect of augmented corticotomy-assisted presurgical orthodontic treatment on alveolar bone fenestration and dehiscence in skeletal class III patients.

Background/purpose: Alveolar bone fenestration and dehiscence is common in untreated patients and potentially harmful. This study was to evaluate the effect of augmented corticotomy (AC) on the prevention and treatment of alveolar bone defects in skeletal class III high-angle patients during presurgical orthodontic treatment (POT).

Materials And Methods: Fifty patients with skeletal Class III high-angle malocclusion were enrolled, of whom 25 patients (G1) underwent traditional POT and 25 patients (G2) received AC during POT.

Effect of Premolar Extraction on the Upper Airway in Adult and Adolescent Orthodontic Patients: a Meta-analysis.

Objective: To analyse the effects of premolar extraction on the upper airway in adult and adolescent orthodontic patients using CBCT.

Methods: The Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Medline (via PubMed) databases were searched with no language restrictions. Longitudinal studies in which CBCT was applied to assess the effects of tooth extraction on the upper airway were included in the analysis.

Orthodontic and Orthognathic Treatment Combined withSurgically Assisted Rapid Maxillary Expansion in an Adult Patient with a Hyperdivergent Skeletal Pattern.

In this case study, we report the successful treatment of a 35-year-old woman with a hyperdivergent skeletal pattern, open bite and severe transverse deficiency, exhibiting a skeletal Class III malocclusion. The treatment plan included 3D correction of these issues with surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) to solve the transverse deficiency, presurgical orthodontic treatment including aligning and levelling of the teeth in both arches, LeFort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy, and postsurgical correction of malocclusion. Orthodontic treatment was performed with labial brackets, and the patient achieved satisfactory occlusion and a significantly improved facial profile.

Invasive Infection in Infants: A Case Report.

Infants are more likely to develop severe pertussis. We report a malignant pertussis case in a 2-month-old boy with respiratory failure, severe pneumonia, septic shock, and encephalopathy. was detected from nasopharyngeal secretions by polymerase chain reaction, as well as both blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples via metagenomics next-generation sequencing.

(D-Ser2) oxyntomodulin recovers hippocampal synaptic structure and theta rhythm in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice.

In our previous studies, we have shown that (D-Ser2) oxyntomodulin (Oxm), a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP1R)/glucagon receptor (GCGR) dual agonist peptide, protects hippocampal neurons against Aβ-induced cytotoxicity, and stabilizes the calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial membrane potential of hippocampal neurons. Additionally, we have demonstrated that (D-Ser2) Oxm improves cognitive decline and reduces the deposition of amyloid-beta in Alzheimer's disease model mice. However, the protective mechanism remains unclear.

[Chronic sleep deprivation exacerbates cognitive and pathological impairments in APP/PS1/tau triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease model mice].

Sleep exerts important functions in the regulation of cognition and emotion. Recent studies have found that sleep disorder is one of the important risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the effects of chronic sleep deprivation on the cognitive functions of AD model mice and its possible mechanism are still unclear. In the present study, 8-month-old male APP/PS1/tau triple transgenic AD model (3xTg-AD) mice and wild type (WT) mice (n = 8 for each group) were subjected to chronic sleep deprivation by using the modified multiple platform method, with 20 h of sleep deprivation each day for 21 days.

Real-world data on the use of secukinumab as treatment for moderate-to-severe psoriasis in Chinese patients.

Background: The efficacy and safety of secukinumab, an interleukin-17 inhibitor, as systemic treatment for patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis have been demonstrated, but real-world data pertaining to this is limited in China.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of secukinumab in clinical practice in Chinese psoriasis patients with or without psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and identify potential baseline factors that affect the response of patients to secukinumab treatment.

Materials & Methods: Data from 81 patients treated with secukinumab for at least 16 weeks were analysed in a retrospective observational study.

Novel Mutation of Cleidocranial Dysplasia-related Frameshift Runt-related Transcription Factor 2 in a Sporadic Chinese Case.

Background: Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant disease that affects the skeletal system. Common symptoms of CCD include hypoplasia or aplasia of the clavicles, delayed or even absent closure of the fontanels, midface hypoplasia, short stature, and delayed eruption of permanent and supernumerary teeth. Previous studies reported a connection between CCD and the haploinsufficiency of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2).

[Comparison of treatment results between implant anchorage and traditional intraoral anchorage in patients with maxillary protrusion].

Purpose: To compare the treatment effects in patients with maxillary protrusion between implant anchorage and traditional intraoral anchorage.

Methods: Thirty patients with maxillary protrusion treated with bilateral maxillary first premolars extractions and high anchorage were selected. They were randomly divided into implant anchorage group and traditional intraoral anchorage group.

[A clinical study of invasive fungal disease in children without underlying diseases].

Objective: To investigate the clinical features of invasive fungal disease (IFD) in children without underlying diseases.

Methods: The clinical data of 49 children without underlying diseases who were diagnosed with IFD were retrospectively studied.

Results: Fungal pathogens were detected in 37 (76%) out of 49 patients, including Cryptococcus neoformans (17 children, 46%), Candida albicans (10 children, 27%), Aspergillus (3 children, 8%), and Candida parapsilosis (3 children, 8%).

Accuracy Assessment of Three-dimensional Surface Reconstructions of In vivo Teeth from Cone-beam Computed Tomography.

Background: The accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been particularly important in dentistry, which will affect the effectiveness of diagnosis, treatment plan, and outcome in clinical practice. The aims of this study were to assess the linear, volumetric, and geometric accuracy of 3D reconstructions from CBCT and to investigate the influence of voxel size and CBCT system on the reconstructions results.

Methods: Fifty teeth from 18 orthodontic patients were assigned to three groups as NewTom VG 0.

[Evaluation of alveolar bone defects on anterior region in patients with bimaxillary protrusion by using cone-beam CT].

Objective: To investigate the alveolar bone defects of anterior alveolar bone in patients with bimaxillary protrusion by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods: The samples consisted of 50 patients with bimaxillary protrusion, who were assigned to the teenage group[20 cases, (13.1±1.

Prevalence of tooth agenesis in adolescent Chinese populations with or without orthodontics.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of hypodontia in the general population and orthodontic population in adolescent Chinese Hans.

Methods: Two groups named the general population (6015 subjects) and the orthodontic population (2781 subjects) were investigated, respectively. The former came from the students of three general universities in North China and the latter came from patients coming to the Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology for orthodontic consulting during the summer and winter holidays in 2008.

Correlation between objective and subjective evaluation of profile in bimaxillary protrusion patients after orthodontic treatment.

Objective: To correlate the objective cephalometric measurements with subjective facial esthetics in patients with bimaxillary protrusion.

Materials And Methods: The sample consisted of 60 Asian-Chinese patients with bimaxillary protrusion who met the inclusion criteria. The facial esthetics of posttreatment profile and the change of profile on standardized lateral photographs were rated by a panel of 10 orthodontists and a panel of 10 lay persons with bimaxillary protrusion.

Reliability assessment and correlation analysis of evaluating orthodontic treatment outcome in Chinese patients.

This study aimed to assess the reliability of experienced Chinese orthodontists in evaluating treatment outcome and to determine the correlations between three diagnostic information sources. Sixty-nine experienced Chinese orthodontic specialists each evaluated the outcome of orthodontic treatment of 108 Chinese patients. Three different information sources: study casts (SC), lateral cephalometric X-ray images (LX) and facial photographs (PH) were generated at the end of treatment for 108 patients selected randomly from six orthodontic treatment centers throughout China.

Cervical vertebral maturation of female children with orofacial clefts.

Objective : To evaluate the skeletal maturation of girls with orofacial clefts using the cervical vertebral maturation method. Design : Case-control study. Setting : The School of Stomatology, Peking University.

Validation of the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System for assessing the treatment outcomes of Chinese patients.

Introduction: Orthodontics in China has developed rapidly, but there is no standard index of treatment outcomes. We assessed the validity of the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System (ABO-OGS) for the classification of treatment outcomes in Chinese patients.

Methods: We randomly selected 108 patients who completed treatment between July 2005 and September 2008 in 6 orthodontic treatment centers across China.

[Research on Chinese orthodontic specialists' subjective evaluation of orthodontic treatment outcome].

Objective: To analyze the results of multiple Chinese orthodontic specialists' subjective evaluation of orthodontic treatment outcome, to investigate the relevance of different experiment items and to explore the weight of each monomial material.

Methods: As a randomized clinical trial, with six orthodontic treatment centers and Angle's classification being regarded as two stratification factors, it contained 108 cases with integrity data, which was random extracted from 2383 cases that received orthodontic treatment in six orthodontic treatment centers during the past five years, gathering post-treatment study casts, cephalometrics and photographs of 48 cases as the research subject. Similarly taking Angle's classification as a stratification factor, 108 cases were randomly divided into 9 groups.

[Agreement analysis of subjective evaluation of orthodontic treatment outcome].

Objective: To investigate the agreement of subjective evaluation of orthodontic treatment outcome and to analyze possible factors that may be related to it.

Methods: As a randomized clinical trial, with Angle's classification as a stratification factor, our study contained 48 cases with integrity data, which were randomly extracted from 806 orthodontic treatment cases in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology during July 2004 and August 2008, and gathered post-treatment study casts, cephalometrics and photographs of the 48 cases as the research subjects. Similarly with Angle's classification as a stratification factor, the 48 cases were randomly divided into 4 groups.

[Consistency of the subjective evaluation of malocclusion severity by the Chinese orthodontic experts].

Objective: To assess the consistency of the subjective evaluation of malocclusion severity by the Chinese orthodontic experts.

Methods: Sixty-nine Chinese orthodontic experts subjectively evaluated the malocclusion severity for 120 cases which were selected randomly from 6 University orthodontic clinics by checking each case's pretreatment records including study cast, lateral head film, panoramic radiograph, facial photographs and patient chart. Each orthodontist was asked to independently rate the severity of every case into five grades: mild, mildly moderate, moderate, severely moderate and severe.

Cervical vertebral maturation of children with orofacial clefts.

Objective: To evaluate the skeletal maturation of male children with orofacial clefts using the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method.

Design: Case-control study.

Setting: The School of Stomatology, Peking University.