Global morbidity and mortality of lower respiratory infections: A population -based study.

Background: This study provides a comprehensive, comparative and updated estimates of temporal patterns of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) globally over the past three decades.

Methods: The data on morbidity and mortality of patients with LRIs at the global, regional and national levels were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study.

Results: Globally, the incident cases of LRIs increased from 414,342,866 [95% uncertainty interval (UI):383,529,625 to 449, 086,938]in 1990 to 488,902,504(95% UI: 457,572,987 to 522,635,542)in 2019 with the age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) decreased from 8,276/100,000 persons (95% UI: 7,727 to 8,892) to 6,295/100,000 persons (95% UI: 5,887 to 6,737) between 1990 and 2019.

D-dimer levels is associated with severe COVID-19 infections: A meta-analysis.

Objective: The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Excluded typical manifestation of pneumonia and acute respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 patients also have abnormal D-dimer concentration in the serum, but the results are controversial.

Method: A meta-analysis first aims to explored the connection between D-dimer concentration and COVID-19 patients.

Adaptive single replica multiple state transition interface sampling.

The multiple state transition path sampling method allows sampling of rare transitions between many metastable states, but has the drawback that switching between qualitatively different pathways is difficult. Combination with replica exchange transition interface sampling can in principle alleviate this problem, but requires a large number of simultaneous replicas. Here we remove these drawbacks by introducing a single replica sampling algorithm that samples only one interface at a time, while efficiently walking through the entire path space using a Wang-Landau approach or, alternatively, a fixed bias.

Multiple state transition interface sampling of alanine dipeptide in explicit solvent.

We have applied the recently developed multiple state transition interface sampling approach to alanine dipeptide in explicit water. We extract the rate constant matrix for configurational changes between each pair of metastable states. The results are comparable with values from previous literature and show that the method is applicable to biomolecular systems.

[Study on the expression and the role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the brain of neonatal rats with hypoxia-ischemia brain damage].

Objective: To explore the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinases 1/2 (pERK1/2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in brain and the correlations with cerebral edema after hypoxia-ischemia brain damage (HIBD).

Methods: 144 seven-day-old SD rats were randomly dividend into three groups that was the sham operation group, HIBD group and intervention group with anti-MIF. Each group were executed in 1 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h, 3 d, and 7 d.

The photodissociation mechanisms of acrylonitrile: Ab initio calculations on reaction channels and surface intersections.

The dissociations of CH(2)CHCN into CH(2)CH+CN and CH(2)C+HCN in the S(0), T(1), and (1)pi(2)pi(C[triple bond]N) ( *) (definitions of pi orbitals can refer to computational details) states, have been explored at the complete active space self-consistent field level of theory employing the Dunning correlation consistent triple-zeta basis set. The lowest energy points of the surface crossing seams have been searched. Two conical intersections, from (1)pi(C[triple bond]N)pi(1) ( *) to (1)pi(2)pi(1) ( *) (CI(1)) and from (1)pi(2)pi(1) ( *) to S(0) (CI(2)), and one intersystem crossing point (T(1)/S(0)) have been located.