Warming, nitrogen deposition, and provenance shift above-belowground insect interactions and host compensatory growth.

Above-belowground insect herbivore interactions and plant compensatory growth are crucial for reshaping the fitness of invasive plants, and it is likely that climate warming, nitrogen (N) deposition, and plant provenance influence this interaction and growth in a complex way. We performed an experiment with Solidago canadensis from home and introduced ranges, leaf-chewing Spodoptera litura, and root-feeding Protaetia brevitarsis under climate warming and N deposition, and addressed how these abiotic stressors and plant provenance jointly shaped the reciprocal effects between S. litura and P.

The Fluorinated NAD Precursors Enhance FK866 Cytotoxicity by Activating SARM1 in Glioblastoma Cells.

Glioblastoma, a formidable brain tumor characterized by dysregulated NAD metabolism, poses a significant therapeutic challenge. The NAMPT inhibitor FK866, which induces NAD depletion, has shown promise in controlling tumor proliferation and modifying the tumor microenvironment. However, the clinical efficacy of FK866 as a single drug therapy for glioma is limited.

Integrated Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Reciprocal Interactions between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Multi-Organ Dysfunction, Especially the Correlation of Renal Failure and COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic, which is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has resulted in extensive health challenges globally. While SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets the respiratory system, clinical studies have revealed that it could also affect multiple organs, including the heart, kidneys, liver, and brain, leading to severe complications. To unravel the intricate molecular interactions between the virus and host tissues, we performed an integrated transcriptomic analysis to investigate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on various organs, with a particular focus on the relationship between renal failure and COVID-19.

[Non-targeted renal metabolomics reveals multi-target effects of Dahuang Zhechong Pills on renal aging in rats].

This study aims to observe the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine prescription Dahuang Zhechong Pills(DHZCP on renal aging and explore its potential multi-target effects. Rats were assigned into the normal, model, DHZCP, and vitamin E(VE)groups. Firstly, the rat model of D-galactose(D-gal)-induced renal aging was established.

Climate warming impacts chewing Spodoptera litura negatively but sucking Corythucha marmorata positively on native Solidago canadensis.

Insect-plant interactions are among importantly ecological processes, and rapid environmental changes such as temperature and resource fluctuations can disrupt long-standing insect-plant interactions. While individual impacts of climate warming, atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, and plant provenance on insect-plant interactions are well studied, their joint effects on insect-plant interactions are less explored in ecologically realistic settings. To this end, we performed five experiments with native and invasive Solidago canadensis populations from home and introduced ranges and two insect herbivores (leaf-chewing Spodoptera litura and sap-sucking Corythucha marmorata) in the context of climate warming and N deposition.

A shift from inorganic to organic nitrogen-dominance shapes soil microbiome composition and co-occurrence networks.

Soil microbiomes are characterized by their composition and networks, which are linked to soil nitrogen (N) availability. In nature, inorganic N dominates at one end and organic N dominates at the other end along soil N gradients; however, little is known about how this shift influences soil microbiome composition and co-occurrence networks, as well as their controls. To this end, we conducted an experiment with the host plant , which was subject to three N regimes: inorganic N-dominated, co-dominated by inorganic and organic N (CIO), and organic N-dominated.

A conformation-specific nanobody targeting the nicotinamide mononucleotide-activated state of SARM1.

Sterile alpha (SAM) and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) motif containing 1 (SARM1) is an autoinhibitory NAD-consuming enzyme that is activated by the accumulation of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) during axonal injury. Its activation mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we generate a nanobody, Nb-C6, that specifically recognizes NMN-activated SARM1.

Comparative genome anatomy reveals evolutionary insights into a unique amphitriploid fish.

Triploids are rare in nature because of difficulties in meiotic and gametogenic processes, especially in vertebrates. The Carassius complex of cyprinid teleosts contains sexual tetraploid crucian carp/goldfish (C. auratus) and unisexual hexaploid gibel carp/Prussian carp (C.

Astragalus Total Saponins Ameliorate Peritoneal Fibrosis by Promoting Mitochondrial Synthesis and Inhibiting Apoptosis.

Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is a disease caused by prolonged exposure of the peritoneum to high levels of dialysis fluid. Astragalus total saponins (ATS) is a phytochemical naturally occurring in that has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. In this study, we constructed an model of PF using 4.

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Compete Asymmetrically for Amino Acids with Native and Invasive Solidago.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and soil amino acids both affect plant performance. However, little is known about how AMF compete for amino acids with native and invasive congeners. We conducted a factorial experiment (inoculation, native and invasive species, and amino acids) to examine the competition for amino acids between soil microbes and both native and invasive congeners.

Acidic pH irreversibly activates the signaling enzyme SARM1.

SARM1, an executioner in axon degeneration, is an autoinhibitory NAD-consuming enzyme, composed of multiple domains. NMN and its analogs, CZ-48 and VMN, are the only known activators, which can release the inhibitory ARM domain from the enzymatic TIR domain. Here, we document that acid can also activate SARM1, even more efficiently than NMN, possibly via the protonation of the negative residues.

Quantitative proteomics reveals arsenic attenuates stem-loop binding protein stability via a chaperone complex containing heat shock proteins and ERp44.

Arsenic pollution impacts health of millions of people in the world. Inorganic arsenic is a carcinogenic agent in skin and lung cancers. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) binds to the stem-loop of the canonical histone mRNA and regulates its metabolism during cell cycle.

LDBlockShow: a fast and convenient tool for visualizing linkage disequilibrium and haplotype blocks based on variant call format files.

The triangular correlation heatmap aiming to visualize the linkage disequilibrium (LD) pattern and haplotype block structure of SNPs is ubiquitous component of population-based genetic studies. However, current tools suffered from the problem of time and memory consuming. Here, we developed LDBlockShow, an open source software, for visualizing LD and haplotype blocks from variant call format files.

Asymmetric climate warming does not benefit plant invaders more than natives.

Both climate warming and biological invasions are primary threats to species diversity and its functioning. Although asymmetric climate warming (i.e.

The transferrin receptor CD71 regulates type II CD38, revealing tight topological compartmentalization of intracellular cyclic ADP-ribose production.

The CD38 molecule (CD38) catalyzes biogenesis of the calcium-mobilizing messenger cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR). CD38 has dual membrane orientations, and type III CD38, with its catalytic domain facing the cytosol, has low abundance but is efficient in cyclizing cytosolic NAD to produce cADPR. The role of cell surface type II CD38 in cellular cADPR production is unknown.

The relative contributions of climate, soil, diversity and interactions to leaf trait variation and spectrum of invasive Solidago canadensis.

Background: Invasive plants commonly occupy diverse habitats and thus must adapt to changing environmental pressures through altering their traits and economics spectra, and addressing these patterns and their drivers has an importantly ecological and/or evolutionary significance. However, few studies have considered the role of multiple biotic and abiotic factors in shaping trait variation and spectra. In this study, we determined seven leaf traits of 66 Solidago canadensis populations, and quantified the relative contributions of climate, soil properties, native plant diversity, and S.

[Molecular mechanisms of mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis ameliorating renal tubular epithelial cells aging induced by D-galactose via inhibiting autophagy-related AMPK/ULK1 signaling activation].

To explore the effects and molecular mechanisms of mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis(MCs)improving renal tubular epithelial cells aging induced by D-galactose,the renal proximal tubular epithelial cells(NRK-52E cells)of rats in vitro were divided into the normal group(N),the D-gal model group(D),the low dose of MCs group(L-MCs),the medium dose of MCs group(M-MCs)and the high dose of MCs group(H-MCs),and treated by the different measures,respectively.More specifically,the NRK-52E cells in each group were separately treated by 1%fetal bovine serum(FBS)or D-galactose(D-gal,100 mmol·L~(-1))or D-gal(100 mmol·L~(-1))+MCs(20 mg·L~(-1))or D-gal(100 mmol·L~(-1))+MCs(40 mg·L~(-1))or D-gal(100 mmol·L~(-1))+MCs(80 mg·L~(-1)).After the intervention for24 h or 48 h,firstly,the effects of D-gal on the protein expression levels of klotho,P27 and P16,the staining of senescence-associatedβ-galactosidase(SA-β-gal)and the activation of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase(AMPK)/uncoordinated 51-like kinase 1(ULK1)signaling in the NRK-52E cells were detected,respectively.

Autotoxicity of root exudates varies with species identity and soil phosphorus.

Root exudate autotoxicity (i.e. root exudates from a given plant have toxic effects on itself) has been recognized to be widespread.

Delayed treatment of α5 GABAA receptor inverse agonist improves functional recovery by enhancing neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat MCAO model.

Development of effective therapeutics and treatment strategy to promote recovery after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury necessitates further understandings of the complex pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Given that α5-GABAR inhibition has been shown to be involved in functional recovery after stroke, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of treatment timing of α5 GABAR inhibition on post-middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) functional recovery. To this end, we examined the effects of L655,708 (α5 GABAR inverse agonist) treatment at 3 or 7 days post-ischemia on apoptosis and neurogenesis in the peri-infarct region, brain infarction size, as well as modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and rotarod test time in rats.

Warming delays the phenological sequences of an autumn-flowering invader.

Phenology can play an important role in driving plant invasions; however, little is known about how climate warming, nitrogen (N) deposition, and invasion stages influence the phenological sequences of autumn-flowering invaders in a subtropical climate. Accordingly, we conducted an experiment to address the effects of experimental warming, N-addition, and community types on the first inflorescence buds, flowering, seed-setting, and dieback of invasive . Warming delayed the onset of first inflorescence buds, flowering, seed-setting, and dieback; N-addition did not influence these four phenophases; community types influenced the onset of first seed-setting but not the other phenological phases.

Oleanolic acid attenuates TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in NRK-52E cells.

Background: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis, which finally leads to renal failure. Oleanolic acid (OA), an activator of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), is reported to attenuate renal fibrosis in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction. However, the role of OA in the regulation of EMT and the underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated.

[Molecular regulative mechanisms of aging and interventional effects of Chinese herbal medicine].

Aging is a gradual process during the loss of functions in cells,organs and tissues by time. The molecular mechanisms of aging-related theories include the classical ones such as telomere,oxygen radical and nonenzymatic glycosylation,as well as the newly proposed ones such as DNA methylation,mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA）and autophagy. The latest study showed the anti-aging effect of autophagy in hematopoietic stem cells.

[Pathomechanism and treatment of gut microbiota dysbiosis in chronic kidney disease and interventional effects of Chinese herbal medicine].

The gut microbiota dysbiosis is one of the risk factors in the progression from the advanced chronic kidney disease（CKD）to uremia, characterized by the reduction of probiotics and the increase of opportunistic pathogens including urease-related microbes, endotoxin-related microbes and toxin-related microbes, which can produce uremic toxins. According to the core point of "the gut-kidney axis" theory and "the chronic kidney disease-colonic axis" concept, the gut microbiota dysbiosis aggravates renal damage by accumulating uremic toxins and inducing the systemic micro-inflammation. The preliminary clinical trials and animal experiments show that the probiotics biologicals from Lactobacillus acidophilus or Bifidobacterium, and the prebiotics including inulin and galactooligosaccharides, as well as lubiprostone and activated carbon adsorbents can be used for improving dysfunction of CKD patients with the gut microbiota dysbiosis via reducing uremic toxins and inhibiting the systemic micro-inflammation.

Dissecting -soil feedback in its real invasion.

The importance of plant-soil feedback (PSF) has long been recognized, but the current knowledge on PSF patterns and the related mechanisms mainly stems from laboratory experiments. We aimed at addressing PSF effects on community performance and their determinants using an invasive forb . To do so, we surveyed 81 pairs of invaded versus uninvaded plots, collected soil samples from these pairwise plots, and performed an experiment with microcosm plant communities.