Genome-wide analysis of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter in Penaeus vannamei and identification of two ABC genes involved in immune defense against Vibrio parahaemolyticus by affecting NF-κB signaling pathway.

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters have crucial roles in various biological processes such as growth, development and immune defense in eukaryotes. However, the roles of ABC transporters in the immune system of crustaceans remain elusive. In this study, 38 ABC genes were systematically identified and characterized in Penaeus vannamei.

Constraints on the maintenance of wild populations based on regression conservation.

To clarify the key factors constraining the maintenance of wild populations and to develop conservation strategies and technical links for current populations, we investigated the renewal status and distribution patterns of wild populations in the main distribution areas of China. We analyzed the effects of stand factors and human disturbance on population renewal and maintenance. The results showed that the overall regeneration of wild populations was poor.

The variation on structure and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide during the longan pulp fermentation.

In the current study, the effects of fermentation manners on the structure and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide in longan wine or vinegar were investigated. Compared to longan polysaccharide (CP1), polysaccharide in longan wine (CP2) or vinegar (CP3 and CP4) had smaller molecular weights, and was consisted of more mannose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose and less glucose. After purification, the major fraction (P1-P4) was obtained from CP1-CP4, respectively.

Immune Responses to Gram-Negative Bacteria in Hemolymph of the Chinese Horseshoe Crab, .

Chinese horseshoe crab, , is an ancient marine arthropod with a long evolutionary history. As a kind of living fossil species, the pathogen defenses of horseshoe crabs entirely depend on the innate immune system. Although, there are abundant immune molecules found in the horseshoe crab hemolymph, the biological mechanisms underlying their abilities of distinguishing and defending against invading microbes are still unclear.

Integrated analysis of physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic responses and tolerance mechanism of nitrite exposure in Litopenaeus vannamei.

Nitrite accumulation in aquatic environments is a potential risk factor that disrupts multiple physiological functions in aquatic animals. In this study, the physiology, transcriptome and metabolome of the control group (LV-C), nitrite-tolerance group (LV-NT) and nitrite-sensitive group (LV-NS) were investigated to identify the stress responses and mechanisms underlying the nitrite tolerance of Litopenaeus vannamei. After LV-NT and LV-NS were subjected to nitrite stress, the hemocyanin contents were significantly decreased, and hepatopancreas showed severe histological damage compared with LV-C.

[Modified reconstruction of the cistern magna for treatment of syringomyelia with Chiari malformation: clinical analysis of 35 cases].

Objective: To explore the surgical approaches, microsurgical techniques and therapeutic effect of modified cistern magna reconstruction for treating of syringomyelia with Chiari malformations.

Methods: The clinical data of 35 patients with syringomyelia complicated by Chiari malformations were retrospectively reviewed, and the patients' chief complaints, presenting symptoms, neurological and radiographic findings, surgical approaches, outcomes, and complications were analyzed.

Results: The radiographs revealed type I Chiari in 18 and type II Chiari malformations in these patients.

[Whole-range encirclement method versus conventional method for microvascular decompression for treatment of hemifacial spasm].

Objective: To compare the efficacy and micromanipulation techniques of microvascular decompression with whole-range encirclement method and the conventional method in 65 cases of hemifacial spasm.

Methods: The data of 65 surgically managed cases of hemifacial spasm were retrospectively analyzed for intraoperative findings, surgical techniques, and the patients' outcomes. Microvascular decompression with the conventional approach was performed in 30 patients (group A), and whole-range encircling method was used in the other 35 patients (group B).