Artemisinins ameliorate polycystic ovarian syndrome by mediating LONP1-CYP11A1 interaction.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a prevalent reproductive disorder in women of reproductive age, features androgen excess, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries. Despite its high prevalence, specific pharmacologic intervention for PCOS is challenging. In this study, we identified artemisinins as anti-PCOS agents.

NR2F6 is essential for brown adipocyte differentiation and systemic metabolic homeostasis.

Objective: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) development and function are essential for maintaining energy balance. However, the key factors that specifically regulate brown adipogenesis require further identification. Here, we demonstrated that the nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 6 (NR2F6) played a pivotal role in brown adipogenesis and energy homeostasis.

Impact of Pulse Parameters of a DC Power Generator on the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Sputtered AlN Film with In-Situ OES Data Analysis.

In the present study, the sputtered aluminum nitride (AlN) films were processed in a reactive pulsed DC magnetron system. We applied a total of 15 different design of experiments (DOEs) on DC pulsed parameters (reverse voltage, pulse frequency, and duty cycle) with Box-Behnken experimental method and response surface method (RSM) to establish a mathematical model by experimental data for interpreting the relationship between independent and response variables. For the characterization of AlN films on the crystal quality, microstructure, thickness, and surface roughness, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were utilized.

Utilization of the By-Product of Corn: Guided Identification of Bioactive Terpenoids from (Corn Silk).

(corn silk) () is a food-based by-product of maize and possesses great nutritional and pharmaceutical value. This study aimed to explore bioactive components from . By the guidance of bioactivity-guided approach and Global Natural Products Social (GNPS) molecular networking, 12 terpenoids were discovered from .

Targeted isolation of diterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids from Daphne gemmata E. Pritz. ex Diels using molecular networking together with network annotation propagation and MS2LDA.

Investigation of the whole plant of Daphne gemmata E. Pritz. ex Diels (Thymelaeaceae) using molecular networking coupled to Network Annotation Propagation (NAP) and unsupervised substructure annotation (MS2LDA) led to the discovery of five tigliane diterpenoids, 14 guaiane sesquiterpenoids, one rhamnofolane diterpenoid and three carotene sesquiterpenoids.

Flavonoids with antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activity from corn silk ().

Corn silk (), being the styles and stigmas of maize, is a famous traditional medicine and functional tea in China. Research into the chemical composition of corn silk led to the identification of an unreported flavone (, silkone A), accompanying with three known flavonoids (). And their structures were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis.

CHCHD10 Modulates Thermogenesis of Adipocytes by Regulating Lipolysis.

Brown and beige adipocytes dissipate energy in a nonshivering thermogenesis manner, exerting beneficial effects on metabolic homeostasis. CHCHD10 is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein involved in cristae organization; however, its role in thermogenic adipocytes remains unknown. We identify CHCHD10 as a novel regulator for adipocyte thermogenesis.

The protease SENP2 controls hepatic gluconeogenesis by regulating the SUMOylation of the fuel sensor AMPKα.

Uncontrolled gluconeogenesis results in elevated hepatic glucose production in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)-specific protease 2 (SENP2) is known to catalyze deSUMOylation of target proteins, with broad effects on cell growth, signal transduction, and developmental processes. However, the role of SENP2 in hepatic gluconeogenesis and the occurrence of T2D remain unknown.

Chemical constituents from and their neuroprotective activities.

Ten compounds (-) including four new compounds (-) and six known compounds (-) were isolated from . Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data, gauge-including atomic orbital (GIAO) calculation of NMR data, DP4+ probability analysis and comparison of their experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectral data. All the isolated compounds were tested for their neuroprotective activities against HO-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells.

Bisfischoids A and B, dimeric ent-abietane-type diterpenoids with anti-inflammatory potential from Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.

Two undescribed ent-abietane-type diterpenoid dimers with nonacyclic backbone formed by intermolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition into a spirocyclic skeleton, bisfischoids A (1) and B (2), along with a known one fischdiabietane A (3), were identified from Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, ECD and NMR calculation combined with DP4+ probability analysis, as well as X-ray diffraction. The anti-inflammatory potential of dimers 1-3 were examined using their inhibitory effects on soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which revealed that 1 and 2 exhibited promising activities with inhibition constant (Ki) of 3.

Hepatic Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier (SUMO)-Specific Protease 2 Controls Systemic Metabolism Through SUMOylation-Dependent Regulation of Liver-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk.

Background And Aims: NAFLD, characterized by aberrant triglyceride accumulation in liver, affects the metabolic remodeling of hepatic and nonhepatic tissues by secreting altered hepatokines. Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)-specific protease 2 (SENP2) is responsible for de-SUMOylation of target protein, with broad effects on cell growth, signal transduction, and developmental processes. However, the role of SENP2 in hepatic metabolism remains unclear.

Isolation of macrocarpene-type sesquiterpenes from stigma maydis with neuroprotective activities.

Five undescribed macrocarpene-type sesquiterpenes (1-5), along with a known analogue (6) were isolated from the crude extract of stigma maydis. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on comprehensive spectroscopic analyses together with quantum chemical calculations of C NMR data and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) curves. All isolated compounds were tested for their neuroprotective effects against the injury of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells induced by HO.

A new monoterpene-lactone with neuroprotective activity from corn silk.

A new monoterpene-lactone () along with five known compounds () were isolated from corn silk. The structure of the new compound was elucidated based on comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical calculations of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) curves. All compounds were evaluated for their neuroprotective effects against HO-induced damage in human dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y).

Diverse metabolites from corn silk with anti-Aβ aggregation activity.

Five pairs of enantiomeric compounds (1a/1b-5a/5b) including seven undescribed compounds (1a/1b-3a/3b, 4b) along with two known ones (. and .) have been isolated from corn silk (Stigma maydis).

Effects of Enantiomerically Pure β-Carboline Alkaloids from Picrasma quassioides on Human Hepatoma Cells.

Four pairs of -carboline enantiomers (1A: /1B: -4A: /4B: ), 2 -carboline derivatives (5:  - 6: ) with a single enantiomeric configuration, together with 2 known achiral congeners (7:  - 8: ) were isolated from the stems of Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses and quantum mechanical calculations. Compound 5: possesses a 4,5-seco -carboline framework and represents the first example of this type of -carboline alkaloids from nature. A possible biosynthetic pathway is proposed to generate the racemate 4: and the enantiomerically pure compounds 5: and 6: .

Quassinoids from Picrasma quassioides and Their Neuroprotective Effects.

Quassinoids are a class of highly oxygenated degraded triterpenoids exclusively discovered from plants of the Simaroubaceae family. In this study, eight new (1-8) and 15 known quassinoids (9-23) were isolated from an extract of the stems of Picrasma quassioides. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and electronic circular dichroism spectra combined with quantum chemical calculations.

Enantiomeric β-carboline dimers from Picrasma quassioides and their anti-hepatoma potential.

Four pairs of enantiomeric β-carboline alkaloids, (+/-)-kumudine A-D, along with their biosynthesis-related compound kumudine E, were obtained from the stems of Picrasma quassioides. Their structures, including the absolute configurations, were determined via extensive spectroscopic data combined with electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopic analyses and quantum mechanical ECD calculations. (+/-)-Kumudine A possessed a scaffold of β-carboline-phenylpropanoid adduct, which were the first examples of this type of β-carboline alkaloid from nature.

Neuroprotective terpenoids from the leaves of .

As a part of our ongoing search for neuroprotective compounds from natural products, two new iridoid glycosides, vibsansuspenside A-B (-), along with five known terpenoids (-), were isolated from the dry leaves of Their chemical structures were well determined by means of NMR spectroscopic data as well as HRESIMS analysis. All compounds were detected for their neuroprotective effects against HO-induced damage in human dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). Among them, compound displayed the most potent neuroprotective ability, and further investigation by Annexin V/PI and Western blot analysis demonstrated that compound could protect SH-SY5Y cells from oxidative damage through inhibiting cell apoptosis.