UPLC-ESI-MS/MS-based widely targeted metabolomics reveals differences in metabolite composition among four species.

The Chinese name "Lingzhi" refers to genus, which are increasingly used in the food and medical industries. species are often used interchangeably since the differences in their composition are not known. To find compositional metabolite differences among species, we conducted a widely targeted metabolomics analysis of four commonly used edible and medicinal species based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.

Determining why continuous cropping reduces the production of the morel .

Artificial cultivation of and other morels is expanding in China, but continuous cropping reduces for unknown reasons. Here, we investigated soil that had been used or not used for cultivation for 0, 1, and 2 years. We found that the continuous cropping of substantially reduced the pH and the nutrient content of the hyphosphere soil and increased sclerotia formation by .

Swiprosin-1 deficiency in macrophages alleviated atherogenesis.

Macrophages play a vital role in the development of atherosclerosis. Previously, we have found that swiprosin-1 was abundantly expressed in macrophages. Here, we investigated the role of swiprosin-1 expressed in macrophages in atherogenesis.

Swiprosin-1 Promotes Mitochondria-Dependent Apoptosis of Glomerular Podocytes via P38 MAPK Pathway in Early-Stage Diabetic Nephropathy.

Background/aims: Podocyte injury, especially podocyte apoptosis, plays a major role in early-stage diabetic nephropathy (DN). Swiprosin-1, also known as EF hand domain containing 2 (EFhd2), is a Ca2+-binding protein in different cell types. However, the function of swiprosin-1 in podocytes remains unknown.

Berberine alleviates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis by improving intestinal barrier function and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.

Berberine has demonstrated efficacy in alleviating experimental colitis and . However, the anti-colitis mechanisms of berberine that enable it to promote intestinal barrier function remain unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of berberine on intestinal epithelial barrier function, expression of tight junction proteins and the levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress factors in the intestinal mucosa of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice.

LY333531, a PKCβ inhibitor, attenuates glomerular endothelial cell apoptosis in the early stage of mouse diabetic nephropathy via down-regulating swiprosin-1.

Glomerular endothelial cell (GEC) injury plays an important role in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Previous studies show that a PKCβ inhibitor is effective for treating DN. In the current study we further explored the effects and molecular mechanisms of PKCβ inhibitors on GEC apoptosis in DN in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice in vivo and high glucose- or PMA-treated human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) in vitro.

Low level of swiprosin-1/EFhd2 in vestibular nuclei of spontaneously hypersensitive motion sickness mice.

Susceptibility to motion sickness (MS) varies considerably among humans. However, the cause of such variation is unclear. Here, we used a classical genetic approach to obtain mouse strains highly sensitive and resistant to MS (SMS and RMS).

Propionate Ameliorates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis by Improving Intestinal Barrier Function and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.

Propionate is a short chain fatty acid that is abundant as butyrate in the gut and blood. However, propionate has not been studied as extensively as butyrate in the treatment of colitis. The present study was to investigate the effects of sodium propionate on intestinal barrier function, inflammation and oxidative stress in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice.

Increasing the Permeability of the Blood-brain Barrier in Three Different Models in vivo.

Aims: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays significant roles in the circumstance maintains for the central nervous system (CNS). The dysfunction of the BBB could occur in all pathological conditions of CNS diseases, such as ischemic stroke, cerebral edema, or inflammatory disorders. However, the comparisons among different animal models with a broken BBB in vivo are still need to be further studied.

Oxidative stress is not involved in motion sickness in mice.

Aims: Some indirect evidences indicate a possible correlation between oxidative stress and motion sickness. The aim of this research was to investigate whether oxidative stress contributing to motion sickness in mice or not.

Methods: We examined the mRNA levels of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), catalase, and enzyme superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1); reactive oxygen species (ROS); and total antioxidant capacity and SOD activity in different brain regions after rotary stimulation.

Tight junction in blood-brain barrier: an overview of structure, regulation, and regulator substances.

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interference that regulates the nutrition and toxic substance in and out of the central nervous system (CNS), and plays a crucial role in maintaining a stable circumstance of the CNS. Tight junctions among adjacent cells form the basic structure of BBB to limiting paracellular permeability. In the present review, the constituents of tight junction proteins are depicted in detail, together with the regulation of tight junction under stimulation and in pathological conditions.

[Analysis of clinical characteristics of gastrointestinal cancer in Heilongjiang province, China 1998 to 2007].

Objective: To provide basic information for epidemiological research of gastrointestinal (GI) malignant tumors.

Methods: Data of GI cancer diagnosed in 15 hospitals of Heilongjiang province between January 1998 and December 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. The data mainly involved the age of onset, initial symptoms, pathological types, clinical staging and types of surgical procedure.