The key structural features governing the free radicals and catalytic activity of graphite/graphene oxide.

The presence of unpaired electrons (radicals) due to structural defects is believed to contribute to the catalytic reactivity of carbon materials. Graphite oxide and graphene oxide (GO) consist of significant structural defects and hence are considered more reactive than graphite and graphene. However, the relationship between their radical content/reactivity and their physical and chemical structures remains unknown, which limits the fabrication of high efficiency carbon-based catalysts.

[RESEARCH PROGRESS OF FENESTRATED PEDICLE SCREW].

Objective: To review the research background, biomechanical characteristics, and clinical application of fenestrated pedicle screw (FPS).

Methods: The recent literature about the study and application of FPS was reviewed, analyzed, and summarized.

Results: Compared with the technique of conventional pedicle screw augmentation, FPS can be augmented with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) through inner central pore and side holes.

GaN and GaxIn1-xN Nanoparticles with Tunable Indium Content: Synthesis and Characterization.

Semiconducting GaN and GaxIn1-xN nanoparticles (4-10 nm in diameter, depending on the metal ratio) with tunable indium content are prepared through a chemical synthesis (the urea-glass route). The bandgap of the ternary system depends on its composition, and therefore, the color of the final material can be turned from bright yellow (the color of pure GaN) to blue (the color of pure InN). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM and HRTEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirm the nanoparticle character and homogeneity of the as-prepared samples.

Extraordinary boundary morphologies of large-scale ordered domains of spheres in thin films of a narrowly dispersed diblock copolymer via thermodynamic control.

Long-range ordering of body centered cubic (BCC) spheres and various extraordinary morphologies at the boundaries of the adjacent orderly oriented domains are observed in thermally annealed thin films of a series of specific narrowly dispersed diblock copolymers, poly(dimethylsiloxane)-b-poly{2,5-bis[(4-butoxyphenyl)oxycarbonylstyrene} (PDMS-b-PBPCS, DB). The series of asymmetrical DB block copolymers (BCPs) with volume fractions of PDMS (f(PDMS)'s) from 10% to 23% self-assemble into thermodynamically stable body centered cubic (BCC) nanostructures in bulk at ambient temperature after thermal annealing. The thin films of these BCPs with a relatively large film thickness on a carbon-film coated substrate are annealed in a vacuum at 180 °C for 3 days and are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Ferritin heavy chain-mediated iron homeostasis and subsequent increased reactive oxygen species production are essential for epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in tumor progression. To obtain a broad view of the molecules involved in EMT, we carried out a comparative proteomic analysis of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1)-induced EMT in AML-12 murine hepatocytes. A total of 36 proteins with significant alterations in abundance were identified.

Comparative proteomic analysis of cell cycle-dependent apoptosis induced by transforming growth factor-beta.

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) can induce G2/M phase-dependent apoptosis and G1/S phase-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatocytes, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated alterations in the global proteome using two dimensional gel electrophoresis of AML-12 murine hepatocyte cells after treatment with TGF-beta at several time points after synchronization in the G2/M or G1/S phase. Upon TGF-beta treatment, the expression levels of 44 proteins were found to be significantly changed in cells synchronized in the G2/M phase.