Rest-activity rhythm associated with depressive symptom severity and attention among patients with major depressive disorder: a 12-month follow-up study.

Introduction: Patients with depressive disorder demonstrate rest-activity rhythm disturbances and cognitive function impairment. This study examined the association of individual rest-activity rhythm changes over time with mood symptoms and attention.

Methods: We recruited 15 adult outpatients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder from a single medical center and observed them for 12 months.

Modular soft x-ray spectrometer for applications in energy sciences and quantum materials.

Over the past decade, the advances in grating-based soft X-ray spectrometers have revolutionized the soft X-ray spectroscopies in materials research. However, these novel spectrometers are mostly dedicated designs, which cannot be easily adopted for applications with diverging demands. Here we present a versatile spectrometer design concept based on the Hettrick-Underwood optical scheme that uses modular mechanical components.

Phase competition in trisected superconducting dome.

A detailed phenomenology of low energy excitations is a crucial starting point for microscopic understanding of complex materials, such as the cuprate high-temperature superconductors. Because of its unique momentum-space discrimination, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is ideally suited for this task in the cuprates, where emergent phases, particularly superconductivity and the pseudogap, have anisotropic gap structure in momentum space. We present a comprehensive doping- and temperature-dependence ARPES study of spectral gaps in Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+δ), covering much of the superconducting portion of the phase diagram.

Evidence for a deep pore activation gate in small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels.

Small conductance calcium-gated potassium (SK) channels share an overall topology with voltage-gated potassium (K(v)) channels, but are distinct in that they are gated solely by calcium (Ca(2+)), not voltage. For K(v) channels there is strong evidence for an activation gate at the intracellular end of the pore, which was not revealed by substituted cysteine accessibility of the homologous region in SK2 channels. In this study, the divalent ions cadmium (Cd(2+)) and barium (Ba(2+)), and 2-aminoethyl methanethiosulfonate (MTSEA) were used to probe three sites in the SK2 channel pore, each intracellular to (on the selectivity filter side of) the region that forms the intracellular activation gate of voltage-gated ion channels.

Small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels and calmodulin.

Small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (SK channels) contribute to the long lasting afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that follows an action potential in many central neurones. The biophysical and pharmacological attributes of cloned SK channels strongly suggest that one or more of them underlie the medium component of the AHP that regulates interspike interval and plays an important role in setting tonic firing frequency. The cloned SK channels comprise a distinct subfamily of K(+) channels.

Small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels and calmodulin: cell surface expression and gating.

Small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SK channels) are heteromeric complexes of pore-forming alpha subunits and constitutively bound calmodulin (CaM). The binding of CaM is mediated in part by the electrostatic interaction between residues Arg-464 and Lys-467 of SK2 and Glu-84 and Glu-87 of CaM. Heterologous expression of the double charge reversal in SK2, SK2 R464E/K467E (SK2:64/67), did not yield detectable surface expression or channel activity in whole cell or inside-out patch recordings.