Backgrounds: To compare the clinical effectiveness of different mesh fixation techniques in Lichtenstein tension-free repair using network meta-analysis.
Methods: Cochrane Library, Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched until 1 December 2020, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing outcomes between different mesh fixation techniques were included. The primary endpoints were chronic postoperative inguinal pain (CPIP) and hernia recurrence.