[Technology of preventing oncomelania snail diffusion in east route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project II. Effect of sand buried and reed protection on snail control in area of water source].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of sand buried and reed protection on Oncomelania snail control in the area of water source of the east route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project.

Methods: The Oncomelania snail eggs were counted after the snails raised seven days in the sand of different contents in the spawning period. The survival of the snails was observed when the snails were raised on the sand surface in the laboratory.

[Development of the National Norms of Negligence on children aged 0 to 35 months in rural areas of China].

Objective: To develop the National Norms of Negligence (NNN) for rural children aged 0 to 35 months.

Methods: According to multi-stage stratified cluster sampling principle, 10 provinces or municipalities (Jilin, Shanxi, Shanxi, Beijing, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hunan, Hubei, Yunnan, Chongqing) in China were selected. A national research group was formed collaboratively.

[The status of child neglect among rural areas children aged 0 - 6 years in China].

Objective: To explore the status of child neglect among rural areas children aged 0 - 6 years in China.

Methods: A total of 7411 rural children aged 0 - 6 years old who were composed of two age groups (3315 children aged 0 - 2 years old and 4096 children aged 3 - 6 years old) were multistage stratified randomly sampled from 84 villages which were representative of 10 provinces of China, in accordance with sex and age in November 2010. To identify the child neglect based on the Neglect Norms for Children Aged 0 to 2 and 3 to 6 Years Old in Rural Areas of China, SPSS 13.

[Development of national neglect norms for children aged 3 to 6 years in rural areas of China].

Objective: To develop the national neglect norms for rural children aged 3 to 6 years, which are suitable for Chinese situations.

Methods: According to the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling principle, 84 towns of 10 provinces or municipalities were selected in China. Children aged 3 to 6 years were surveyed in November 2010, the sample of analysis were 3240 (of whom males were 49.

[Association of vitamin D receptor gene Apa I polymorphism with vitamin D deficiency rickets].

Objective: To study the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene Apa I polymorphism and vitamin D deficiency rickets in children of Shanxi Han ethnic group, and to explore the significance of individual hereditary factors in the development of rickets.

Methods: This was a case control study. The grouping criteria were serum 25(OH)D(3) level, blood bone alkaline phosphatase and clinical symptom, respectively.

[Study on the current situation and influential factors of child neglect among aged 3-6 year-olds in the urban areas of China].

Objective: Children aged 3 - 6 years in the urban areas of China were surveyed for the first time to find out the state of child neglect (CN) as well as the major relevant risk factors so as to provide evidence for developing intervention measures.

Methods: 1163 children (of whom 49.6% were males and 4.

[Initial temperature for the development of Schistosoma japonicum larvae in Oncomelania hupensis].

Objective: To study the impact of environmental temperature on the development of Schistosoma japonicum larvae within the Oncomelania hupensis.

Methods: Oncomelania snails, collected from the field and free of S. japonicum infection, were exposed to miracidiae of S.

[Sensitivity of Oncomelania snail to niclosamide in China].

Objective: To understand the variation in response of Oncomelania hupensis to niclosamide.

Methods: Snails were collected from 37 sampling areas distributed in 10 provinces (municipalities) using random environmental sampling methods in accordance with the different types and categories of snail habitats. In laboratory the snails were immersed in solutions of niclosamide for 24 and 48 hours at 25 degrees C.