[Study on original plant species and geographical distribution of Fructus Aurantii].

The original plant species of Fructus Aurantii are multitudinous and complex, and their requirements to the growing environment is strict. In order to clarify the original plant species and geographical distribution of Fructus Aurantii which recorded in the standards and circulated, used in commodity. The national and local standards of Chinese medicinal materials were collected and the original plants of Fructus Aurantii recoded in standards were found.

Highly efficient and selective photocatalytic oxidation of sulfide by a chromophore-catalyst dyad of ruthenium-based complexes.

Electronic coupling across a bridging ligand between a chromophore and a catalyst center has an important influence on biological and synthetic photocatalytic processes. Structural and associated electronic modifications of ligands may improve the efficiency of photocatalytic transformations of organic substrates. Two ruthenium-based supramolecular assemblies based on a chromophore-catalyst dyad containing a Ru-aqua complex and its chloro form as the catalytic components were synthesized and structurally characterized, and their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties were investigated.

Photochemical, electrochemical, and photoelectrochemical water oxidation catalyzed by water-soluble mononuclear ruthenium complexes.

Two mononuclear ruthenium complexes [Ru(H2tcbp)(isoq)2] (1) and [Ru(H2tcbp)(pic)2] (2) (H4tcbp=4,4',6,6'-tetracarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine, isoq=isoquinoline, pic=4-picoline) are synthesized and fully characterized. Two spare carboxyl groups on the 4,4'-positions are introduced to enhance the solubility of 1 and 2 in water and to simultaneously allow them to tether to the electrode surface by an ester linkage. The photochemical, electrochemical, and photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance of 1 in neutral aqueous solution is investigated.

Pre-emptive small dose of fentanyl suppresses fentanyl-induced cough: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Fentanyl-induced cough (FIC) should be effectively prevented in patients requiring stable induction of general anesthesia. We reviewed available randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) that focused on the pre-emptive fentanyl to prevent FIC, and preformed this meta-analysis to clarify the efficacy and to recommend a specific application. The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database were searched for relevant RCTs without restriction on the year or language of the publications.

Efficient water oxidation catalyzed by mononuclear ruthenium(II) complexes incorporating Schiff base ligands.

Four new charge-neutral ruthenium(II) complexes containing dianionic Schiff base and isoquinoline or 4-picoline ligands were synthesized and characterized by NMR and ESI-MS spectroscopies, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The complexes exhibited excellent chemical water oxidation activity and high stability under acidic conditions (pH 1.0) using (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 as a sacrificial electron acceptor.

[Determination of ginsenosides Re, Rb1 in Panax quinquefolius by micellar electrokinetic chromatography].

Objective: A Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) technique for the determination of ginsenosides Re, Rb1 in Panax quinquefolius was developed and validated.

Method: The MEKC was performed in a mixed buffer solution containing 20 mmol x L(-1) boric acid, 20 mmol x L(-1) sodium tetraborate, 60 mmol x L(-1) sodium cholate (CA) and 20% acetonitrile under the applied voltage of 20 kV at 25 degrees C. The detection wavelenth was 203 nm, the sampling time is 5 sec (hydrostatic injection).