Retraction notice to: Enlarged anterior cerebral artery bifurcation angles may induce abnormally enhanced hemodynamic stresses to initiate aneurysms [WNEU 120 (2018) e783-e791/9025].

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).

Retraction notice to: The optimality principle decreases hemodynamic stresses for aneurysm initiation at anterior cerebral artery bifurcations [WNEU 121 (2019) e379-e388/10317].

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).

Adaptation insights from comparative transcriptome analysis of two Opisthopappus species in the Taihang mountains.

Opisthopappus is a major wild source of Asteraceae with resistance to cold and drought. Two species of this genus (Opisthopappus taihangensis and O. longilobus) have been employed as model systems to address the evolutionary history of perennial herb biomes in the Taihang Mountains of China.

Greater hemodynamic stresses initiated the anterior communicating artery aneurysm on the vascular bifurcation apex.

Objective: To investigate hemodynamic stresses associated with the anterior communicating artery (Acom) aneurysm formation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis.

Methods: Three-dimensional geometries of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) bifurcations in 20 patients with Acom aneurysms and 20 control subjects were used for CFD analysis to investigate hemodynamic stresses including the total and dynamic pressure, wall shear stress (WSS), vorticity and strain rate.

Results: At the direct flow impinging center on the bifurcation apex, the total pressure was the maximal but decreased quickly from the impinging center to both daughter branches.

Cerebral arterial infundibula are preaneurysmal lesions caused by direct flow impact.

Purpose: To investigate whether arterial infundibular widening is a preaneurysmal lesion or not.

Methods: Two hundred and nine patients with cerebral angiography were enrolled. The morphology, size and location of infundibula and cerebral aneurysms were studied in two-dimensional angiography and three-dimensional software space.

Asymmetrical than symmetrical cerebral arterial bifurcations are more vulnerable to aneurysm presence.

In order to investigate the role of lateral angle ratio (LA ratio) and daughter artery ratio (DA ratio) for predicting aneurysmal presence in main cerebral arterial bifurcations, three-dimensional cerebral angiographic data of major cerebral artery bifurcations were used for measurement of artery diameters and bifurcation angles including 115 middle cerebral arteries (MCAs), 59 basilar arteries (BAs), 35 internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and 115 anterior cerebral arteries (ACAs) with bifurcation aneurysms and control subjects of 1921 bifurcations with no aneurysms. The LA ratio (larger lateral angle/smaller lateral angle) and DA ratio (larger branch diameter/smaller branch diameter) were calculated, and ROC curve analysis of LA and DA ratios between normal and aneurysmal cases was performed. The LA and DA ratios of MCA bifurcations and the LA ratios of BA and ICA bifurcations with aneurysms were all significantly larger than normal bifurcations (P < 0.

Asymmetrical middle cerebral artery bifurcations are more vulnerable to aneurysm formation.

The objective of this study was to elucidate possible relationship between middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation aneurysms and bifurcation morphology. In the present study, 799 patients with three-dimensional angiography were enrolled, including 115 patients with MCA bifurcation aneurysms and 684 subjects without aneurysms. The MCA bifurcation geometry, including angles formed between two M2 segments (φ1) and between M1 and M2 segments, vessel diameters and aneurysm sizes were measured.

[Slit/Robo pathway participates in luteal cells apoptosis].

This study was aimed to examine the expression and function of Slit/Robo family members in mouse ovary. Real-time PCR was used to assess the mRNA expression levels of Slit/Robo family members, and immunohistochemistry was used to examine the location of Slit2 and Robo1 in the ovary. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Slit2 and Robo1 in early-, middle- and late-phase corpus luteum (CL) were examined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively.

The Optimality Principle Decreases Hemodynamic Stresses for Aneurysm Initiation at Anterior Cerebral Artery Bifurcations.

Objective: To investigate hemodynamic stresses on anterior cerebral artery bifurcation apex and possible mechanism of the optimality principle in protecting bifurcation wall from supercharged hemodynamic stresses.

Methods: Three-dimensional angiographic datasets of 122 patients with anterior communicating artery (Acom) aneurysms, 21 patients with non-Acom aneurysms, and 220 control subjects with no aneurysms were used. Radii of parent (r) and daughter branches (r and r) were measured, and bifurcations obeying the optimality principle required optimal caliber control of r = r + r, with the junction exponent n approximating 3.

Enlarged Anterior Cerebral Artery Bifurcation Angles May Induce Abnormally Enhanced Hemodynamic Stresses to Initiate Aneurysms.

Objective: To investigate the relationship of anterior cerebral artery (ACA) bifurcation angles with hemodynamic stresses for aneurysm initiation.

Methods: Forty patients with or without anterior communicating artery aneurysms were enrolled, and 3 patients with ACA bifurcation angles of 169.0°, 136.

Association of Basilar Bifurcation Aneurysms With Age, Sex, and Bifurcation Geometry.

Background And Purpose: Basilar artery (BA) bifurcation aneurysms are common, but the correlation between BA bifurcation morphology and aneurysm formation remains to be established. Our purpose was to determine the association of BA bifurcation aneurysms with patient age, sex, bifurcation angle, and branch diameter.

Methods: Three-dimensional angiographic data of 195 patients were used, including 59 patients with BA bifurcation aneurysms and 136 control subjects.

Presence of Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm Is Associated With Age, Bifurcation Angle, and Vessel Diameter.

Background And Purpose: The anterior communicating artery (Acom) aneurysm is the most complex in all cerebral aneurysms, and wider vascular bifurcation angles are considered to be associated with aneurysm formation. The objective of this study was to investigate association of the Acom aneurysm formation with patient age and vascular bifurcation morphology.

Methods: Three-dimensional angiographic data of 665 patients were used in this study, including 160 patients with Acom aneurysms, 66 with non-Acom aneurysms, and 439 control subjects with no aneurysms.

Construction of an in vivo carotid siphon model for testing endovascular devices for neuro-interventions.

Objective The aim of this study was to construct an in vivo carotid siphon model for testing neurovascular devices for endovascular interventions. Methods A model of a human carotid siphon was pre-shaped using a glass tube from a human cadaver and used to confine a segment of one side of the common carotid artery (CCA) in canines. This segment of CCA with the glass carotid siphon on was interposed end-to-end onto the contralateral CCA so as to simulate a human carotid artery siphon in vivo.