Mechanosensitive channels TMEM63A and TMEM63B mediate lung inflation-induced surfactant secretion.

Pulmonary surfactant is a lipoprotein complex lining the alveolar surface to decrease the surface tension and facilitate inspiration. Surfactant deficiency is often seen in premature infants and in children and adults with respiratory distress syndrome. Mechanical stretch of alveolar type 2 epithelial (AT2) cells during lung expansion is the primary physiological factor that stimulates surfactant secretion; however, it is unclear whether there is a mechanosensor dedicated to this process.

A Multiomics Signature Highlights Alterations Underlying Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Background: Homologous recombination (HR) is a key pathway in DNA double-strand damage repair. HR deficiency (HRD) occurs more commonly in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) than in other breast cancer subtypes. Several clinical trials have demonstrated the value of HRD in stratifying breast cancer patients into distinct groups based on their responses to poly(ADP ribose) polymerase inhibitors and chemotherapy.

The Value of Whole-Tumor Histogram and Texture Analysis Using Intravoxel Incoherent Motion in Differentiating Pathologic Subtypes of Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer.

Purpose: To determine if whole-tumor histogram and texture analyses using intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters values could differentiate the pathologic characteristics of locally advanced gastric cancer.

Methods: Eighty patients with histologically confirmed locally advanced gastric cancer who received surgery in our institution were retrospectively enrolled into our study between April 2017 and December 2018. Patients were excluded if they had lesions with the smallest diameter < 5 mm and severe image artifacts.

Development of MRI-Based Radiomics Model to Predict the Risk of Recurrence in Patients With Advanced High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma.

The purpose of our study was to develop a radiomics model based on preoperative MRI and clinical information for predicting recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). This retrospective study enrolled 117 patients with HGSOC, including 90 patients with recurrence and 27 without recurrence; 1046 radiomics features were extracted from T2-weighted images and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images using a manual segmentation method. L1 regularization-based least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was performed to select features, and the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) was used to balance our dataset.

Differentiation of renal cell carcinoma subtypes through MRI-based radiomics analysis.

Objectives: To explore whether clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC), and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (cRCC) can be distinguished using radiomics features extracted from magnetic resonance (MR) images.

Methods: Seventy-seven patients (ccRCC = 32, pRCC = 23, cRCC = 22) underwent MRI before surgery between May 2013 and August 2018 in this retrospective study. Thirty-nine radiomics features were extracted from tumor volumes on three sequences (T2WI, EN-T1WI CMP, and EN-T1WI NP).

Erratum: A Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy for Predicting Active Ingredients and Potential Targets of LiuWei DiHuang Pill in Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [Corrigendum].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S216644.

A Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy For Predicting Active Ingredients And Potential Targets Of LiuWei DiHuang Pill In Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations have proven to be advantageous in clinical treatment and prevention of disease. LiuWei DiHuang Pill (LWDH Pill) is a TCM that was employed to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, a holistic network pharmacology approach to understanding the active ingredients and the therapeutic mechanisms underlying T2DM has not been pursued.

CT Morphological Features Integrated With Whole-Lesion Histogram Parameters to Predict Lung Metastasis for Colorectal Cancer Patients With Pulmonary Nodules.

To retrospectively identify the relationships between both CT morphological features and histogram parameters with pulmonary metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and compare the efficacy of single-slice and whole-lesion histogram analysis. Our study enrolled 196 CRC patients with pulmonary nodules (136 in the training dataset and 60 in the validation dataset). Twenty morphological features of contrast-enhanced chest CT were evaluated.

Quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging for the preliminary prediction of the response to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in advanced pancreatic ductal carcinoma.

Purpose: To investigate the role of the quantitative parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging (DCE-MRI) in the prediction of the response to chemotherapy in pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDC).

Method: Forty patients with histologically confirmed PDC who underwent quantitative DCE-MRI were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into groups of responders and nonresponders.

The association between maternal and foetal REN gene polymorphisms and preeclampsia/eclampsia: A hybrid design study.

Objectives: Preeclampsia (PE)/eclampsia (E) is an important cause of foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality, and its aetiology is poorly understood. Good evidence suggests that renin (REN) might be associated with PE/E. The risk of PE/E is determined by both maternal and foetal genes, but most previous studies have focused on maternal contributions.

decoction improves neurological dysfunction by increasing synapsin expression after traumatic brain injury.

Xuefu Zhuyu decoction has been used for treating traumatic brain injury and improving post-traumatic dysfunction, but its mechanism of action needs further investigation. This study established rat models of traumatic brain injury by controlled cortical impact. Rat models were intragastrically administered 9 and 18 g/kg Xuefu Zhuyu decoction once a day for 14 or 21 days.

Adrenal schwannoma: CT, MR manifestations and pathological correlation.

Objectives: This study aimed to describe the computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging features of adrenal schwannoma and to correlate imaging findings with histopathologic findings.

Methods: The findings from multiphase CT or MRI examinations of seventeen patients with histopathologically confirmed adrenal schwannoma were reviewed. The imaging criteria included shape, size, margin, attenuation, signal intensity, secondary degeneration, and internal mass enhancement pattern.

Feasibility of free-breathing dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of gastric cancer using a golden-angle radial stack-of-stars VIBE sequence: comparison with the conventional contrast-enhanced breath-hold 3D VIBE sequence.

Objectives: To investigate the feasibility and diagnostic value of free-breathing, radial, stack-of-stars three-dimensional (3D) gradient echo (GRE) sequence ("golden angle") on dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI of gastric cancer.

Methods: Forty-three gastric cancer patients were divided into cooperative and uncooperative groups. Respiratory fluctuation was observed using an abdominal respiratory gating sensor.

Protective effects of decoction on hippocampal synapses in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

Bushen Tiansui decoction is composed of six traditional Chinese medicines: Herba Epimedii, Radix Polygoni multiflori, Plastrum testudinis, Fossilia Ossis Mastodi, Radix Polygalae, and Rhizoma Acorus tatarinowii. Because Bushen Tiansui decoction is effective against amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity, we hypothesized that it would reduce hippocampal synaptic damage and improve cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease. To test this hypothesis, we used a previously established animal model of Alzheimer's disease, that is, microinjection of aggregated Aβ25-35 into the bilateral brain ventricles of Sprague-Dawley rats.

The Gene Variants of Maternal/Fetal Renin-Angiotensin System in Preeclampsia: A Hybrid Case-Parent/Mother-Control Study.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a common pregnancy-related complication, and polymorphisms in angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) are believed to contribute to PE development. We implemented a hybrid study to investigate the influence of maternal and fetal ACE I/D, ACE G2350A, AGT M235T, AGT T174M, and AT1R A1166C polymorphisms on PE in Han Chinese women. Polymorphisms were genotyped in 1,488 subjects (256 patients experiencing PE, along with their fetuses and partners, and 360 normotensive controls with their fetuses).

Digital breast tomosynthesis plus mammography, magnetic resonance imaging plus mammography and mammography alone: A comparison of diagnostic performance in symptomatic women.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic efficiency of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) plus digital mammography (DM) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plus DM in symptomatic women.

Materials And Methods: The protocol used in our study was accepted by the ethics committee at our hospital, and informed consent was obtained from all patients. Between June and December 2014, 197 patients with 238 histologically proven lesions all underwent DM, DBT and MRI.

Changes of T2 Relaxation Time From Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Lesions.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is generally an effective method of reducing locally advanced malignant breast lesions before surgery; assessing the tumor response to NAC is crucial for patient management. T2 relaxation times can reflect biological state of lesions, may prove useful to assess the response to NAC.

Objectives: To investigate the lesion T2 relaxation times change in breast cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Assessment of fibrotic tissue and microvascular architecture by in-line phase-contrast imaging in a mouse model of liver fibrosis.

Purpose: To explore the value of in-line phase-contrast imaging with computed tomography (ILPCI-CT) by synchrotron radiation (SR) for liver fibrosis.

Materials And Methods: Liver fibrosis models were set up in 13 BALB/c mice by peritoneal injections of thioacetamide and evaluated by ILPCI-CT. Histological staging was used to categorize liver fibrosis into normal, mild fibrosis and advanced fibrosis groups.

Traditional Chinese medicine Zhiqiao-Houpu herb-pair induce bidirectional effects on gastric motility in rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Zhiqiao-Houpu herb-pair (ZQHPHP), composed of Fructus Aurantii (Zhiqiao [ZQ] in Chinese) and Magnolia officinalis (Houpu [HP] in Chinese), is a traditional herbal formula that has been extensively used for treating gastrointestinal motor dysfunction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect and possible mechanism of ZQHPHP on gastric emptying (GE) and gastric antral smooth muscle contractility (GASMC).

Materials And Methods: This study includes four parts: (a) study of ZQHPHP's effect on GE; (b) study of ZQHPHP's effect on gastric antral smooth muscle contractility (GASMC); (c) comparing the effects of ZQHPHP, ZQ and HP on GASMC; (d) study of antagonists or agonists on ZQHPHP-induced GASMC.

Imaging Manifestation of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Breast.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the imaging features of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast using multimode imaging.

Materials And Methods: The findings from mammography, sonography, magnetic resonance imaging, or digital breast tomosynthesis in 11 patients with histopathologically confirmed ACC of the breast were reviewed. The imaging criteria included location, shape, size, number, margin, calcification, attenuation, echo and/or signal intensity, internal mass enhancement pattern, and dynamic-enhancement characteristics.