CD38 Coordinates with NF-κB to Promote Cochlear Inflammation in Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: the Protective Effect of Apigenin.

Noise exposure is one of the most common causes of sensorineural hearing loss. Although many studies considered inflammation to be a major contributor to noise-induced hearing loss, the process of cochlear inflammation is still unclear. Studies have found that activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway results in the accumulation of macrophages in the inner ear plays an important role in hair cell damage.

Involvement of Cholesterol Metabolic Pathways in Recovery from Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.

The objective of this study was to explore the molecular mechanisms of acute noise-induced hearing loss and recovery of steady-state noise-induced hearing loss using miniature pigs. We used miniature pigs exposed to white noise at 120 dB (A) as a model. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements were made before noise exposure, 1 day and 7 days after noise exposure.

Distribution and change of peroxynitrite in the guinea pig cochlea following noise exposure.

Nitric oxide (NO)-mediated pathology depends on the formation of reactive intermediates, such as the peroxynitrite (ONOO). ONOO can nitrate free tyrosine and tyrosine residues of proteins. Therefore, increases in tyrosine nitration reflect the amount of ONOO produced by oxidative stress.

Congenital middle ear abnormalities with absence of the oval window: diagnosis, surgery, and audiometric outcomes.

Objective: Congenital absence of the oval window (CAOW) is a rare condition in which the stapes footplate fails to develop, resulting in a significant conductive hearing loss in the affected ear. The purpose of this study was to describe the surgical management and outcomes of patients with CAOW undergoing the oval window drill-out (OWD) procedure.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients with CAOW between 1996 and 2011 was performed.

[Endolymphatic sac tumor with von Hippel-Lindau disease: report of two cases with testing of von Hippel-Lindau gene].

Objective: Endolymphatic sac tumors (ELSTs) are rare in the general population with much higher prevalence in von Hippel-Lindau(VHL) disease. The purpose of this study is to present two cases of endolymphatic sac tumor with VHL disease with analysis of VHL gene and to explore their association with VHL disease using molecular analysis.

Methods: Clinical data of these two patients from different VHL families were studied.

Noise-induced nitrotyrosine increase and outer hair cell death in guinea pig cochlea.

Background: Modern research has provided new insights into the biological mechanisms of noise-induced hearing loss, and a number of studies showed the appearance of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) during and after noise exposure. This study was designed to investigate the noise exposure induced nitrotyrosine change and the mechanism of outer hair cells death in guinea pig cochlea.

Method: Thirty guinea pigs were used in this study.

Interaction of a calcium channel blocker with noise in cochlear function in guinea pig.

Conclusions: Both nifedipine and noise exposure had damaging effects on cochlear function. These damaging effects were subtractive rather than additive, suggesting that calcium channel blockers may have a protective role in noise-induced hearing loss.

Objective: We assessed the interaction of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, with noise in cochlear function by evaluating changes in the compound action potential (CAP) threshold after the administration of nifedipine with or without noise exposure.

Intraoperative CT-guided cochlear implantation in congenital ear deformity.

Conclusions: Intraoperative computed tomography (iCT)-guided cochlear implantation is practical and effective for correct electrode placement in the cochlea of patients with congenital inner ear and/or complex middle ear malformation.

Objectives: The operation in patients with inner ear and/or complex middle ear malformation including abnormal facial nerve course is difficult. This study evaluated the efficacy of cochlear implantation under the guidance of iCT to insure correct electrode placement.

[Surgical management and prognosis of iatrogenic peripheral facial nerve injury following middle ear surgery].

Objective: To discuss the causes, sites, management strategies and curative effects of accidental facial nerve paralysis in the middle ear surgery.

Methods: Forty two cases with peripheral facial nerve paralysis following middle ear surgery who underwent surgical exploration and reanimation were analyzed. Facial nerve decompression, primary end-to-end anastomosis, interpositional nerve grafts with the great auricular nerve and nerve substitution of facial-hypoglossal anastomosis were applied to restoration of the facial nerve function.

[Clinical analysis of adenoid cystic carcinoma of external auditory canal].

Objective: To explore methods of treatment for adenoid cystic carcinoma of external auditory canal, and discuss the correlating factors that effect prognosis.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 19 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of external auditory canal treated from 1988 to 2004 was carried out. Based on University of Pittsburgh TNM staging system of external auditory canal carcinoma, 19 cases were classified into groups as 5 cases in T1, 2 in T2, 6 in T3, and 6 in T4.

[Caspase 3 activation and apoptosis inducing factor translocation in noise exposure induced out hair cells apoptosis].

Objective: To investigate the pathway and mechanism of noise exposure induced out hair cells (OHC) apoptosis.

Methods: The cochleae of control and noise exposure group were dissected. The activity of caspase 3, an important mediator of apoptosis, in OHC, was examined with carboxyfluorescein-labeled fluoromethyl ketone (FMK)-peptide inhibitors.

[Phanerogenetic retrocochlear low frequency hearing loss].

Objective: To study the pathogenisis of retrocochlear low frequency hearing loss.

Methods: Clinical and audiologic findings [auditory brainstem response (ABR), evoked otoacoustic emission (EOAE), et al] of 29 cases with retrocochlear low frequency hearing loss were studied.

Results: The head injury, acoustic neuroma, peripheral neurophathy, hereditary hear loss, multiple sclerosis and brainstem disease can cause retrocochlear low frequency hearing loss.