Cognitive control, bedtime patterns, and testing time in female adolescent students: behavioral and neuro-electrophysiological correlates.

Introduction: Shorter and/or disrupted sleep during adolescence is associated with cognitive and mental health risks, particularly in females. We explored the relationship between bedtime behavior patterns co-varying with Social Jet Lag (SJL) and School Start Times (SST) and neurocognitive performance in adolescent female students.

Methods: To investigate whether time of day (morning vs.

Circadian variation of heart rate variability across sleep stages.

Study Objectives: Nocturnal cardiovascular events are more frequent at the beginning and end of the night. It was proposed that this pattern reflects the nocturnal distribution of sleep and sleep stages. Using heart rate variability (HRV), we recently showed an interaction between the circadian system and vigilance states on the regulation of cardiac rhythmicity.

A circadian rhythm in heart rate variability contributes to the increased cardiac sympathovagal response to awakening in the morning.

Morning hours are associated with a heightened risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Recent evidence suggests that the sleep-wake cycle and endogenous circadian system modulate cardiac function in humans and may contribute to these epidemiological findings. The aim of the present study was to investigate the interaction between circadian and sleep-wake-dependent processes on heart rate variability (HRV).