Uncovering Atomic Migrations Behind Magnetic Tunnel Junction Breakdown.

As advances in computing technology increase demand for efficient data storage solutions, spintronic magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)-based magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) devices emerge as promising alternatives to traditional charge-based memory devices. Successful applications of such spintronic devices necessitate understanding not only their ideal working principles but also their breakdown mechanisms. Employing an in situ electrical biasing system, atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) reveals two distinct breakdown mechanisms.

Observation of anti-damping spin-orbit torques generated by in-plane and out-of-plane spin polarizations in MnPd.

Large spin-orbit torques (SOTs) generated by topological materials and heavy metals interfaced with ferromagnets are promising for next-generation magnetic memory and logic devices. SOTs generated from y spin originating from spin Hall and Edelstein effects can realize field-free magnetization switching only when the magnetization and spin are collinear. Here we circumvent the above limitation by utilizing unconventional spins generated in a MnPd thin film grown on an oxidized silicon substrate.

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, tunneling magnetoresistance and spin-transfer torque effect in magnetic tunnel junctions with Nb layers.

Nb and its compounds are widely used in quantum computing due to their high superconducting transition temperatures and high critical fields. Devices that combine superconducting performance and spintronic non-volatility could deliver unique functionality. Here we report the study of magnetic tunnel junctions with Nb as the heavy metal layers.

Effects of Altitude and Duration of Differing Levels of Hypoxic Exposure on Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Rat Tissues.

Li, Xiao-lin, Wei-gang Wang, Mao-xing Li, Tian-long Liu, Xiu-yu Tian, and Lan Wu. Effects of altitude and duration of differing levels of hypoxic exposure on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in rat tissues. .

The role of short-chain fatty acids in Clostridioides difficile infection: A review.

Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic, spore-producing intestinal opportunistic pathogen. CDI outbreaks in Europe and the Americas in recent years are a major health concern. Intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are an important energy source for colonic epithelial cells, and the roles of SCFAs in reducing intestinal inflammation, inhibiting intestinal tumors, and regulating gut microbial homeostasis are being actively researched.

Crocetin: A Systematic Review.

Crocetin is an aglycone of crocin naturally occurring in saffron and produced in biological systems by hydrolysis of crocin as a bioactive metabolite. It is known to exist in several medicinal plants, the desiccative ripe fruit of the cape jasmine belonging to the Rubiaceae family, and stigmas of the saffron plant of the Iridaceae family. According to modern pharmacological investigations, crocetin possesses cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antiviral, anticancer, atherosclerotic, antidiabetic, and memory-enhancing properties.

[Effects of Combination of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen on Nitrification and Denitrification in Two Salinized Soils].

Focusing on typical mildly saline soil, S (EC, 0.62 dS·m), and moderately saline soil, S (EC, 1.17 dS·m), in Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia, the response of nitrification and denitrification process to salinization degree and the proportion of organic and inorganic nitrogen application were studied.

Carriage of Clostridioides difficile in healthy infants in the community of Handan, China: A 1-year follow-up study.

Objective: Clostridioides difficile may colonize healthy infants and young children asymptomatically and for the long-term. C. difficile genotypes and the rate and determinants of colonization differ substantially and vary among countries and regions.

LINC00452 promotes ovarian carcinogenesis through increasing ROCK1 by sponging miR-501-3p and suppressing ubiquitin-mediated degradation.

Ovarian cancer refers to all sorts of cancerous growth that starts from the ovary. Dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is associated with ovarian cancer development and progression. Cellular expression and localization of LINC00452 in ovarian cancer cells were detected by qPCR and FISH.

[Effects of the Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic fertilizers on N O Emissions from Saline Soil].

Combining organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer may affect the microbial processes related to nitrous oxide (NO) emissions under different degrees of soil salinization. A mild saline soil (S; electrical conductivity (EC) 0.46 dS·m) and moderate saline soil (S; EC 1.

A Fluorescent and Colorimetric Chemosensor for Hg Based on Rhodamine 6G With a Two-Step Reaction Mechanism.

A fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensor based on rhodamine 6G was designed, synthesized, and characterized. Based on a two-step reaction, the chemosensor effectively recognized Hg. The interaction between the chemosensor and Hg was confirmed by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and frontier molecular orbital calculations.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Cavernous Sinus Versus Noncavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: Outcomes and Outcome Predictors.

Background: Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) can be categorized based on location.

Objective: To compare stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) outcomes between cavernous sinus (CS) and non-CS DAVFs and to identify respective outcome predictors.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of DAVFs treated with SRS between 1988 and 2016 at 10 institutions.

Hemorrhage risk of cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas following Gamma Knife radiosurgery in a multicenter international consortium.

Objective: The authors performed a study to evaluate the hemorrhagic rates of cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) and the risk factors of hemorrhage following Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS).

Methods: Data from a cohort of patients undergoing GKRS for cerebral dAVFs were compiled from the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation. The annual posttreatment hemorrhage rate was calculated as the number of hemorrhages divided by the patient-years at risk.

Evaluation of stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas in a multicenter international consortium.

Objective: In this multicenter study, the authors reviewed the results obtained in patients who underwent Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) and determined predictors of outcome.

Methods: Data from a cohort of 114 patients who underwent GKRS for cerebral dAVFs were compiled from the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation. Favorable outcome was defined as dAVF obliteration and no posttreatment hemorrhage or permanent symptomatic radiation-induced complications.

[Electroacupuncture Intervention Reduces Mammary Gland Hyperplasia by Regulating Serum Estradiol and Progesterone Levels and Their Mammary Receptor Expression in Female Rats].

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) intervention on hyperplastic mammary glands, serum estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) contents, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression of breast tissues in mammary gland hyperplasia (MGH) rats, so as to reveal its mechanisms underlying improvement of MGH.

Methods: Sixty female SD rats were randomly divided into control, model, EA, EA＋ovariectomy(OVX) and EA＋sham-OVX groups (＝12 in each). The MGH model was established by injection of Estradiol Benzoate injection (0.

Outcomes and toxicity from a prospective study of moderately hypofractionated radiation therapy for prostate cancer.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to report the long-term outcomes and toxicity results of a prospective trial of moderately hypofractionated, image guided radiation therapy (RT) for localized prostate cancer.

Methods And Materials: Patients were enrolled between December 2006 and February 2012. Patients in group 1 were stage T1-T2b, had a Gleason score (GS) of 2 to 6 7 (3 + 4) with only 1 lobe involved, and had prostate-specific antigen levels ≤10 ng/mL.

Practice patterns and survival outcomes of intracranial germinoma: an analysis of the National Cancer Database.

The goal of the study is to examine the practice pattern and survival outcome of adult and pediatric patients with intracranial germinoma. Patients from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) brain tumor registry between the years 2004-2014 with intracranial germinoma were extracted for analysis. Patients who had distant metastasis, received no treatments, or only surgery/chemotherapy alone were excluded.

SPARCL1 suppresses cell migration and invasion in renal cell carcinoma.

Previous studies have shown that the human SPARC‑like 1 (SPARCL1) is crucial for human cancer migration and invasion. In the present study, the expression, biological function and possible molecular regulatory mechanisms of SPARCL1 were investigated in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The protein expression of SPARCL1 in cells was evaluated using western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining in the tissue microarray.

Cell Cycle Arrest as a Therapeutic Target of Acute Kidney Injury.

The current lack of complete understanding of the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant barrier to its early diagnosis and treatment. Cell cycle arrest plays an important role in the protection of renal tubular epithelial cells and maladaptive repair following AKI. G1 phase cell arrest serves as a protective mechanism following AKI, avoiding replication of damaged DNA.

[Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollutants Removal by Enhanced Riverbank Interception Facilities Under Different Operating Conditions].

Treatment of agricultural non-point source pollution in a pilot scale by enhanced riverbank interception facilities with different temperatures, rainfall intensities and rainfall interval conditions was investigated. The results showed that if water temperature decreased from 20 degrees to 4. 3 degrees, the removal efficiencies of COD, TN, NH4+ -N, TP decreased by 15.

Contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography using ExiTron nano6000 for assessment of liver injury.

Aim: To explore the potential of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) using ExiTron nano6000 for assessment of liver lesions in mouse models.

Methods: Three mouse models of liver lesions were used: bile duct ligation (BDL), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN), and alcohol. After injection with the contrast agent ExiTron nano6000, the mice were scanned with micro-CT.

Growth hormone secretagogue receptor is important in the development of experimental colitis.

Background: Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and its ligand, ghrelin, are important modulators in weight control and energy homeostasis. Recently, ghrelin is also involved in experimental colitis, but the role of GHSR in the development of colitis is unclear. The aim was to examine the underlying mechanism of GHSR in IBD development.

Magnetic approaches to study collective three-dimensional cell mechanics in long-term cultures (invited).

Contractile forces generated by cells and the stiffness of the surrounding extracellular matrix are two central mechanical factors that regulate cell function. To characterize the dynamic evolution of these two mechanical parameters during tissue morphogenesis, we developed a magnetically actuated micro-mechanical testing system in which fibroblast-populated collagen microtissues formed spontaneously in arrays of microwells that each contains a pair of elastomeric microcantilevers. We characterized the magnetic actuation performance of this system and evaluated its capacity to support long-term cell culture.