Formation of programmed DNA double-strand breaks is essential for initiating meiotic recombination. Genetic studies on Arabidopsis thaliana and Mus musculus have revealed that assembly of a type IIB topoisomerase VI (Topo VI)-like complex, composed of SPO11 and MTOPVIB, is a prerequisite for generating DNA breaks. However, it remains enigmatic if MTOPVIB resembles its Topo VI subunit B (VIB) ortholog in possessing robust ATPase activity, ability to undergo ATP-dependent dimerization, and activation of SPO11-mediated DNA cleavage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParticulate lead (Pb) is a primary air pollutant that affects society because of its health impacts. This study investigates the source sectors of Pb associated with ambient fine particulate matter (PM) over central-western Taiwan (CWT) with new constraints on the Pb-isotopic composition. We demonstrate that the contribution of coal-fired facilities is overwhelming, which is estimated to reach 35 ± 16% in the summertime and is enhanced to 57 ± 24% during the winter monsoon seasons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTargeting thymidylate kinase (TMPK) that catalyzes the phosphotransfer reaction for formation of dTDP from dTMP is a new strategy for anticancer treatment. This study is to understand the inhibitory mechanism of a previously identified human TMPK (hTMPK) inhibitor YMU1 (1a) by molecular docking, isothermal titration calorimetry, and photoaffinity labeling. The molecular dynamics simulation suggests that 1a prefers binding at the catalytic site of hTMPK, whereas the hTMPK inhibitors that bear pyridino[d]isothiazolone or benzo[d]isothiazolone core structure in lieu of the dimethylpyridine-fused isothiazolone moiety in 1a can have access to both the ATP-binding and catalytic sites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe present systematic works in characterization of CIGS nanotip arrays (CIGS NTRs). CIGS NTRs are obtained by a one-step ion-milling process by a direct-sputtering process of CIGS thin films (CIGS TF) without a postselenization process. At the surface of CIGS NTRs, a region extending to 100 nm in depth with a lower copper concentration compared to that of CIGS TF has been discovered.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this paper, we demonstrated direct formation of large area Cu(In,Ga)Se(2) nanotip arrays (CIGS NTRs) by using one step Ar(+) milling process without template. By controlling milling time and incident angles, the length of CIGS NTRs with adjustable tilting orientations can be precisely controlled. Formation criteria of these CIGS NTRs have been discussed in terms of surface curvature, multiple components, and crystal quality, resulting in a highly anisotropic milling effect.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To compare sedative, analgesic, and cardiopulmonary effects after IV administration of medetomidine (20 microg/kg), medetomidine-hydromorphone (20 microg of medetomidine/kg and 0.1 mg of hydromorphone/kg), and medetomidine-butorphanol (20 microg of medetomidine/kg and 0.2 mg of butorphanol tartrate/kg) in dogs.
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