RKIP expression of liver and kidney after arsenic exposure.

Arsenic is associated with cancers of kidney and liver. Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) has been identified as a member of a novel class of molecules that suppress the metastatic spread of tumors. In order to investigate the effect of arsenic to RKIP of liver and kidney, the expression of RKIP of liver and kidney with As (III) was explored in this study.

Recent trends in nanomaterial-based microanalytical systems for the speciation of trace elements: A critical review.

Trace element speciation in biomedical and environmental science has gained increasing attention over the past decade as researchers have begun to realize its importance in toxicological studies. Several nanomaterials, including titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), have been used as sorbents to separate and preconcentrate trace element species prior to detection through mass spectrometry or optical spectroscopy. Recently, these nanomaterial-based speciation techniques have been integrated with microfluidics to minimize sample and reagent consumption and simplify analyses.

Selective and eco-friendly method for determination of mercury(II) ions in aqueous samples using an on-line AuNPs-PDMS composite microfluidic device/ICP-MS system.

In this study we developed an on-line, eco-friendly, and highly selective method using a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-coated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite microfluidic (MF) chip coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to separate trace Hg(2+) ions from aqueous samples. Because Hg(2+) ions interact with AuNPs to form Hg-Au complexes, we were able to separate Hg(2+) ions from aqueous samples. We prepared the AuNPs-PDMS composite through in situ synthesis using a PDMS cross-linking agent to both reduce and embed AuNPs onto PDMS microchannels so that no additional reductants were required for either AuNP synthesis or the PDMS surface modification (2% HAuCl4, room temperature, 48 h).

Nickel (II)-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human proximal tubule cells through a ROS- and mitochondria-mediated pathway.

Nickel compounds are known to be toxic and carcinogenic in kidney and lung. In this present study, we investigated the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondria in nickel (II) acetate-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in the HK-2 human renal cell line. The results showed that the cytotoxic effects of nickel (II) involved significant cell death and DNA damage.

The expression of RKIP, RhoGDI, galectin, c-Myc and p53 in gastrointestinal system of Cr(VI)-exposed rats.

Hexavalent chromium (CrVI) is considered to be a risk factor in the formation of human cancer. Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP), Rho-GDIα, galectin, c-Myc and p53 play important roles in cancer formation. The purpose of this study was to determine if Cr(VI) induces the formation of gastrointestinal cancer.

Hexavalent chromium inhibited the expression of RKIP of heart in vivo and in vitro.

Background: Chromium (Cr) is considered to be a risk factor to the cardiovascular effects of fine particulate matter components to PM2.5 from traffic in highway patrol officers. RKIP (raf kinase inhibitor protein) is a physiological inhibitor of GRK-2 (G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2) and affects β-adrenergic signaling and contractile activity in cardiomyocytes.

On-line microdialysis sampling coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry for continuous in vivo monitoring of diffusible magnesium in the blood of living animals.

A novel on-line microdialysis sampling coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) with an attractive application is reported. Microdialysates perfused through implanted microdialysis probes were directly introduced into the flame atomizer of a FAAS system using 0.2% HNO(3) as carrier solution at a nebulizer uptake flow rate of 6mlmin(-1).

(-)-Anonaine induces apoptosis through Bax- and caspase-dependent pathways in human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells.

(-)-Anonaine has been shown to have some anticancer activities, but the mechanisms of (-)-anonaine inducing cell death of human cancer cells is not fully understood. We investigated the mechanisms of apoptosis induced by (-)-anonaine in human HeLa cancer cells. Treatment with (-)-anonaine induces dose-dependent DNA damage that is correlated with increased intracellular nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, glutathione depletion, disruptive mitochondrial transmembrane potential, activation of caspase 3, 7, 8, and 9, and poly ADP ribose polymerase cleavage.

Continuous multi-element (Cu, Mn, Ni, Se) monitoring in saline and cell suspension using on-line microdialysis coupled with simultaneous electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.

We have developed a microdialysis sampling technique coupled on-line with simultaneous electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (SIMAAS) for the continuous monitoring of copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and selenium (Se) in saline solutions and in cell suspensions. These trace elements are considered to be those associated most significantly with oxidative stress in biological systems. We employed ultrapure saline (0.

6-shogaol (alkanone from ginger) induces apoptotic cell death of human hepatoma p53 mutant Mahlavu subline via an oxidative stress-mediated caspase-dependent mechanism.

Mahlavu cells, poorly differentiated and p53 mutants of a human hepatoma subline, are known to be highly refractory to a number of chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy due to their high expressions of multidrug resistance gene-1 (MDR-1) and Bcl-2 proteins. Thus, it is desirable to search for an alternative strategy for effective eradication of this type of cancer cells. We present evidence here for the first time that 6-shogaol (6-SG), an alkanone isolated from the rhizomes of ginger, can effectively induce apoptotic cell death of Mahlavu cells via an oxidative stress-mediated caspase-dependent mechanism.

Real-time dynamic monitoring of nonprotein-bound copper in the blood.

To obtain real-time dynamic changes of non-protein-bound copper in the blood, we have developed an online microdialysis sampling system coupled with a flow-injection graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometer (FI-GFAAS). The analytical performances of the online system such as linearity, limit of detection, precision, and spiked recoveries were validated. Before the in vivo experiments, the in vivo recovery was conducted.

Genetic and cellular characterizations of human TCF4 with microsatellite instability in colon cancer and leukemia cell lines.

It has been reported that the mutational inactivation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and beta-catenin genes play important roles in colorectal carcinogenesis. However, alteration of the components in the Wnt signaling pathway in colorectal cancer (CRC) with microsatellite instability (MSI) has been elucidated. To define the precise role of the Wnt signaling components in CRC and leukemia cell lines with MSI, mutational analyses of the T cell factor 4 (TCF4) genes were performed.

Continuous in vivo monitoring of blood diffusible calcium using on-line microdialysis sampling coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry.

A direct, rapid and continuous in vivo monitoring of diffusible calcium in the blood of living rabbits has been developed using microdialysis sampling coupled on-line with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Microdialysates perfused through implanted microdialysis probes were collected with a sample loop on an injection valve and directly introduced into the flame atomizer by a carrier solution. An ultrapure saline solution (0.

Spectrophotometric determination of a thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance in human hair.

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of a thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) in human hair has been developed. The proposed method is based on the formation of a red-colored product by the reaction of products of lipid peroxidation with thiobarbituric acid in an acidic medium. The absorbance of the resulting red product was measured at 534 nm.

Determination of thiobarbituric acid adduct of malondialdehyde using on-line microdialysis coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography.

An on-line analytical system for the continuous monitoring of malondialdehyde (MDA) was developed. This method involves the use of microdialysis perfusion, on-line derivatization and on-line HPLC analysis. This method gave a linear response for MDA concentrations and HPLC peak areas in the range from 0.

Automated, continuous, and dynamic speciation of urinary arsenic in the bladder of living organisms using microdialysis sampling coupled on-line with high performance liquid chromatography and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry.

An on-line and fully automated method was developed for the continuous and dynamic in vivo monitoring of four arsenic species [arsenite (AsIII), arsenate (AsV), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA)] in urine of living organisms. In this method a microdialysis sampling technique was employed to couple on-line with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS). Dialysates perfused through implanted microdialysis probes were collected with a sample loop of an on-line injector for direct and automated injection into HPLC system hyphenated with HGAAS.