Palladium/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis 2-Fold C-H/C-X Coupling: Construction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Brominated Benzimidazoles.

A palladium/norbornene (NBE)-catalyzed 2-fold C-H/C-X coupling reaction of aryl iodides is reported. Bromine-substituted benzimidazoles were chosen as electrophilic and termination reagents, and the versatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon products were successfully obtained. The strategy overcomes the challenge of catalyst poisoning by heterocyclic substrates.

Novel Clean-Background Coffee Ring SERS Platform for Trace Toxin Analysis.

Biotoxins, known for their ubiquity and potent toxicity, pose significant threats to ecosystems and human health, highlighting the urgency the development of robust detection methods. Despite the significant potential of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in analytical science, challenges emerge when dealing with low Raman active molecules, such as biotoxins. Our study addresses this by introducing an innovative, ultrasensitive, clean-background coffee ring SERS (CC-SERS) platform, specifically designed for the detection of neo-saxitoxin (neo-STX), saxitoxin (STX), microcystin-LR (MC-LR), and microcystin-RR (MC-RR) using the AgNPs@AgO@AgCl coffee rings.

Ethyl 4-(4-bromophenyl)-2-diazo-4-(formyloxy) butanoate exerts anti-inflammatory effects on RAW 264.7 cells and zebrafish through the activation of ɑ7nAchR.

Uncontrolled inflammation is a critical pathological response that can damage tissues and lead to disease. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of ethyl 4-(4-bromophenyl)-2-diazo-4-(formyloxy) butanoate (6) and explored the underlying mechanisms. Zebrafish models with copper sulfate, tail transection, and LPS microinjection were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory efficiency of 6 through neutral red staining, H&E staining, and RT-qPCR analysis.

Two novel alleles of the MYB transcription factor and control leaf trichomes and enhance resistance to aphids in .

Leaf trichome formation is a very important agronomic trait as it confers resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, but the causal genes involved in this process in remain largely unexplored. In this study, we first characterized the haplotypes of among different inbred lines with leaf trichomes or glabrous leaves. A comparative analysis of the number and density of leaf trichomes between the two mustard inbred lines was then performed BSA analysis of leaves with trichomes and glabrous pools from the F2 segregating population mapped the candidate genes on Chr.

Dashboard Vision: Using Eye-Tracking to Understand and Predict Dashboard Viewing Behaviors.

Dashboards serve as effective visualization tools for conveying complex information. However, there exists a knowledge gap regarding how dashboard designs impact user engagement, necessitating designers to rely on their design expertise. Saliency has been used to comprehend viewing behaviors and assess visualizations, yet existing saliency models are primarily designed for single-view visualizations.

FinFlier: Automating Graphical Overlays for Financial Visualizations With Knowledge-Grounding Large Language Model.

Graphical overlays that layer visual elements onto charts, are effective to convey insights and context in financial narrative visualizations. However, automating graphical overlays is challenging due to complex narrative structures and limited understanding of effective overlays. To address the challenge, we first summarize the commonly used graphical overlays and narrative structures, and the proper correspondence between them in financial narrative visualizations, elected by a survey of 1752 layered charts with corresponding narratives.

Triterpenoids from ilicis rotundae cortex ameliorate hyperlipidemia by affecting bile acids-hepatointestinal FXR axis.

Background: Hyperlipidemia is a lipid metabolism disorder that, in severe cases, can lead to conditions such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, and cirrhosis. Previous studies have identified Ilicis Rotundae Cortex (IRC) crude extract as having the potential to regulate blood lipids. However, whether the triterpenoids therein are the principal agents responsible for hypolipidemic effects and their specific mechanisms of action remain unexplored.

Ionic Liquid-Mediated Oxidative Degradation of Polycaprolactone into Adipic Acids over Pt/TiO in Water.

Upgrading polyester waste into high value-added chemicals can achieve carbon recycling, which is of great significance for sustainable development. Herein, we report a one-pot protocol to oxidatively degrade polycaprolactone (PCL) with air into adipic acid (AA) mediated by ionic liquid (IL, e.g.

Oxazole and isoxazole-containing pharmaceuticals: targets, pharmacological activities, and their SAR studies.

Oxazole, a five-membered aromatic heterocycle featuring a nitrogen and an oxygen atom separated by a carbon atom, and its isomer isoxazole, with directly attached oxygen and nitrogen atoms, have been pivotal in medicinal chemistry. Over the past few decades, the U.S.

Dual-Function Hydrogel Coating on Silicone Urinary Catheters with Durable Antibacterial Property and Lubricity.

Silicone urinary catheters are broadly employed in medical practice. However, they are susceptible to inducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) due to bacterial adherence to the catheter's surface, and they exhibit a high friction coefficient, which can greatly affect their effectiveness and functionality. Thus, the development of a silicone urinary catheter with antibacterial properties and lubricity is in strong demand.

Radiomics analysis of substantia nigra on multi-echo susceptibility map-weighted imaging for differentiating Parkinson's disease from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.

Background: While the "swallow tail" sign observed in the substantia nigra (SN) on susceptibility map-weighted imaging (SMWI) serves as an effective marker for differentiating patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) from healthy individuals, its visual assessment proves inadequate in differentiating PD from atypical Parkinson syndromes (APS).

Purpose: To employ radiomic features extracted from multi-echo SMWI of the SN to distinguish between PD and APS.

Material And Methods: SMWI data were acquired from 63 PD patients, 38 APS patients, and 89 healthy controls.

A three-in-one strategy of molecularly imprinted polymers-based electrochemical SERS for sensitive detection of acetamiprid in vegetables.

Selectively trapping analytes in complex matrices to hotspots and performing sensitive detection is an extremely important topic in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection. Herein, a molecularly imprinted polymers-based electrochemical SERS (MIP-EC-SERS) sensor was proposed for detecting acetamiprid (AAP) residue. A polydopamine layer rich in imprinted cavities was fabricated on the surface of AuNPs/ITO, using an electropolymerization process, yielding a SERS substrate modified with MIP (MIP/AuNPs/ITO).

Exploring the associations of gut microbiota with inflammatory and the early hematoma expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage: from change to potential therapeutic objectives.

Background: Although a great deal of research has explored the possibility of a systemic inflammatory response and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota after an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the relationships between gut microbiota and blood inflammatory indicators as well as their role in the hematoma expansion following an early-stage mild-to-moderate ICH (emICH) remain unknown. This study analyzes these changes and associations in order to predict and prevent hematoma expansion after emICH.

Methods: The study included 100 participants, with 70 individuals diagnosed with emICH (30 with hematoma expansion and 40 without hematoma expansion, referred to as the HE and NE groups) and 30 healthy controls matched in terms of age and gender (HC).

The population chloroplast genomes of Populus reveal the phylogenetic relationship between three new taxa of sect. Leucoides and their parents.

Background: Poplars are important woody plants, which are widely distributed in the forests from the subtropics to the north of the Northern Hemisphere. Poplars have high ecological and economic value. However, there are frequent interspecific and intraspecific hybrids in Populus, resulting in a large number of intermediate taxa, which makes the morphological identification of Populus very challenging.

3D Deep Learning for Virtual Orbital Defect Reconstruction: A Precise and Automated Approach.

Accurate virtual orbital reconstruction is crucial for preoperative planning. Traditional methods, such as the mirroring technique, are unsuitable for orbital defects involving both sides of the midline and are time-consuming and labor-intensive. This study introduces a modified 3D U-Net+++ architecture for orbital defects reconstruction, aiming to enhance precision and automation.

Gelatin and zinc ion-cooperated triple crosslinked hydrogels with high mechanical properties and ultrasensitivity for multimodal sensing and handwriting recognition.

With the rapid development of flexible electronics technology, high-performance flexible sensors have shown great potential in wearable devices and human-computer interaction fields. In this study, a hydrogel (PMAGZ) reinforced by gelatin and Zn was prepared using a one-pot method, which formed a triple-bonded cross-linked network structure through covalent, hydrogen, and ligand bonds to exhibit excellent mechanical properties and sensing characteristics, and can be applied to multimodal sensors and handwriting recognition. The introduction of gelatin and Zn strengthens the cross-linked structure inside the hydrogel, which can effectively improve the tensile strength, strain, and toughness of the hydrogel.

Intratumoral and peritumoral PET/CT-based radiomics for non-invasively and dynamically predicting immunotherapy response in NSCLC.

Background: We aimed to develop a machine learning model based on intratumoral and peritumoral F-FDG PET/CT radiomics to non-invasively and dynamically predict the response to immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: This retrospective study included 296 NSCLC patients, including a training cohort (N = 183), a testing cohort (N = 78), and a TCIA radiogenomic cohort (N = 35). The extreme gradient boosting algorithm was employed to develop the radiomic models.

Impact of thoracoscopic segmental lung resection versus wedge on early post-operative recovery and short-term prognosis in elderly patients with early non-small cell lung cancer: A retrospective non-randomised controlled cohort study.

Introduction: The post-operative rehabilitation and prognostic indexes of thoracoscopic segmental resection and wedge resection in the treatment of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were retrospectively analysed. The objective of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of early-stage NSCLC in the elderly.

Patients And Methods: One hundred and twenty elderly patients diagnosed with early-stage NSCLC in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 were selected as study subjects.

Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Answering and Analysing the Chinese Dental Licensing Examination.

Background: This study aimed to simulate diverse scenarios of students employing LLMs for CDLE examination preparation, providing a detailed evaluation of their performance in medical education.

Methods: A stratified random sampling strategy was implemented to select and subsequently revise 200 questions from the CDLE. Seven LLMs, recognised for their exceptional performance in the Chinese domain, were selected as test subjects.

An integrated strategy for sequential nitrite removal and methane recovery: Sludge fermentation driven by nitrite reduction.

Although the treatment of sludge with free nitrous acid can effectively recover short chain fatty acids, the feasibility of sequential nitrite reduction and methane recovery without acidic pH adjustment is still scarcely studied. Therefore, this study aimed to provide insights into the effect of nitrite at different levels on nitrite reduction and methane production. The results showed that the nitrite concentrations of 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/L were completely reduced in 1, 2, 2 and 4 days, respectively.

Hippocampal Functional Radiomic Features for Identification of the Cognitively Impaired Patients from Low-Back-Related Pain: A Prospective Machine Learning Study.

Purpose: To investigate whether functional radiomic features in bilateral hippocampi can identify the cognitively impaired patients from low-back-related leg pain (LBLP).

Patients And Methods: For this retrospective study, a total of 95 clinically definite LBLP patients (40 cognitively impaired patients and 45 cognitively preserved patients) were included, and all patients underwent functional MRI and clinical assessments. After calculating the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) and degree centrality (DC) imaging, the radiomic features (n = 819) of bilateral hippocampi were extracted from these images, respectively.

Distribution, sources, contamination, and risks of toxic metals in Zijiang River, a typical tributary of the midstream of the Yangtze River in China.

Excessive concentrations of toxic metals are a global threat to aquatic systems. Taking a typical tributary (Zijiang River, ZR) of the midstream of the Yangtze River as the research area, the concentration distribution and chemical fractions occurrence characteristics of five toxic metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) were analyzed, their potential sources were explored, and their contamination and ecological risk was assessed. In the surface waters and sediments, there were high concentrations of Zn, a low concentration of Cd, and small spatial differences in concentration among the upstream, midstream, and downstream.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the role of immune-related autophagy in aseptic loosening of biomaterials bone-implant.

This study employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to investigate the role of immune-related autophagy in the mechanism of aseptic loosening (AL) of biomaterial bone-implant. Through single-cell analysis of AL tissues, we mapped the cellular landscape, revealing various cell types and their characteristics within the context of AL. Our study specifically targeted immune cell subpopulations, including macrophages and neutrophils.

Anti-TMV activity based flavonol derivatives containing piperazine sulfonyl: Design, synthesis and mechanism study.

A series of flavonoid derivatives containing piperazine sulfonate were designed and synthesized. The results of antiviral experiments in vivo showed that some target compounds had good inhibitory effect on tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The EC values of S15 and S19 curative activity were 174.

Coumarin derivatives containing the 1,3,4 oxadiazole/thiadiazole moiety discovered as potential anti-tobacco mosaic virus agents.

In this paper, a series of oxadiazole/thidiazole containing coumarin derivative derivatives were designed, synthesized and characterized using NMR and HRMS. The evaluation of antiviral activity revealed that some of the synthesized compounds exhibited good in vivo antiviral efficacy against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Notably, compounds H6 and Y5 demonstrated exceptional therapeutic and protective effects against TMV, with EC values of 180.