The C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5, Which Exerts an Antioxidant Role by Inducing HO-1 Expression, Is C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2-Dependent in Human Prostate Stroma and Cancer Cells.

While the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) is recognized as an inflammatory mediator and a potent attractant for immune cells, its functions within the human prostate remain unclear. This study explored the expression, functions, and regulatory mechanisms of CXCL5 in prostate stroma and cancer cells. CXCL5 secreted from prostate cancer cells enhanced neutrophil migration.

Glucose Upregulates ChREBP via Phosphorylation of AKT and AMPK to Modulate MALT1 and WISP1 Expression.

Glucose can activate the carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) transcription factor to control gene expressions in the metabolic pathways. The way of ChREBP involvement in human prostate cancer development remains undetermined. This study examined the interactions between prostate fibroblasts and cancer cells under the influences of ChREBP.

Activating transcription factor 3 is an antitumor gene synergizing with growth differentiation factor 15 to modulate cell growth in human bladder cancer.

Background: The functions of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) within the human bladder remain unexplored. This study delves into the expressions, functions, and regulatory mechanisms of ATF3 in human bladder cancer.

Material And Methods: Gene expressions were determined by immunoblot, RT-qPCR, and reporter assays.

The tether function of the anoctamins.

The core functions of the anoctamins are Cl channel activity and phosphatidylserine (and perhaps other lipids) scrambling. These functions have been extensively studied in various tissues and cells. However, another function of the anoctamins that is less recognized and minimally explored is as tethers at membrane contact sites.

Androgen Receptor Upregulates Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue 1 to Induce NF-κB Activity via Androgen-Dependent and -Independent Pathways in Prostate Carcinoma Cells.

The androgen-dependent or -independent pathways are regarded as primary therapeutic targets for the neoplasm of the prostate. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue 1 (MALT1) acting as a paracaspase in the regulation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signal transduction plays a central role in inflammation and oncogenesis in cancers. This study confirmed the potential linkages between androgen and NF-κB activation by inducing MALT1 in the androgen receptor-full length (ARFL)-positive LNCaP and 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells.

Hydrophobic interactions within the C terminus pole helices tunnel regulate calcium-dependent inactivation of TRPC3 in a calmodulin-dependent manner.

Recent structural studies have shown that the carboxyl-terminus of many TRP channels, including TRPC3, are folded into a horizontal rib helix that is connected to the vertical pole helix, which play roles in inter-structural interactions and multimerization. In a previous work we identified I807 located in the pole helix with a role in regulation of TRPC3 by STIM1 (Lee et al., 2014, Liu et al.

WNT1 Inducible Signaling Pathway Protein 1 Is a Stroma-Specific Secreting Protein Inducing a Fibroblast Contraction and Carcinoma Cell Growth in the Human Prostate.

The WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1), a member of the connective tissue growth factor family, plays a crucial role in several important cellular functions in a highly tissue-specific manner. Results of a RT-qPCR indicated that WISP1 expressed only in cells of the human prostate fibroblasts, HPrF and WPMY-1, but not the prostate carcinoma cells in vitro. Two major isoforms (WISP1v1 and WISP1v2) were identified in the HPrF cells determined by RT-PCR and immunoblot assays.

TRPC3 channel gating by lipids requires localization at the ER/PM junctions defined by STIM1.

TRPC3, a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of cation channels, is a lipid-regulated, Ca2+-permeable channel that mediates essential components of the receptor evoked Ca2+ signal. The modes and mechanisms by which lipids regulate TRPC3 and other members of the TRPC channel family are not well understood. Here, we report that PI(4,5)P2 regulates TRPC3 in three independent modes.

Kinetic Characteristics of Neutralizing Antibody Responses Vary among Patients with COVID-19.

Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to present a major challenge to public health. Vaccine development requires an understanding of the kinetics of neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Methods: In total, 605 serum samples from 125 COVID-19 patients (from January 1 to March 14, 2020) varying in age, sex, severity of symptoms, and presence of underlying diseases were collected, and antibody titers were measured using a micro-neutralization assay with wild-type SARS-CoV-2.

Hybridization Chain Reactions Targeting the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

In this work, hybridization chain reactions (HCRs) toward () nucleocapsid phosphoproteins gene loci and human RNase P are proposed to provide an isothermal amplification screening tool. The proposed chain reactions target the complementary DNA (cDNA) of , with loci corresponding to gold-standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) loci. Four hybridization chain reaction reactions are demonstrated herein, targeting loci and human .

Ca Signaling in Exocrine Cells.

Calcium (Ca) and cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling cross talk and synergize to stimulate the cardinal functions of exocrine cells, regulated exocytosis, and fluid and electrolyte secretion. This physiological process requires the organization of the two signaling pathways into complexes at defined cellular domains and close placement. Such domains are formed by membrane contact sites (MCS).

Activation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) leads to cytokine profile shift to pro-inflammatory in labor.

The shift of cytokine profile from anti- to pro-inflammatory is the most recognizable sign of labor, although the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report that the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is upregulated and activated in the uterus at labor in mice. Mechanical activation of ENaC results in phosphorylation of CREB and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as COX-2/PGE in uterine epithelial cells.

Cross-Sectional Nakagami Images in Passive Stretches Reveal Damage of Injured Muscles.

Muscle strain is still awanting a noninvasive quantitatively diagnosis tool. High frequency ultrasound (HFU) improves image resolution for monitoring changes of tissue structures, but the biomechanical factors may influence ultrasonography during injury detection. We aim to illustrate the ultrasonic parameters to present the histological damage of overstretched muscle with the consideration of biomechanical factors.