2-[2-(4-Nitro-phenyl)hy-dra-zin-yl-idene]malononitrile.

The title compound, C(10)H(8)N(8), is close to planar (r.m.s.

5-Chloro-pyrimidin-2-amine.

The complete mol-ecule of the title compound, C(4)H(3)ClN(3), is generated by crystallographic mirror symmetry, with the Cl atom, one N atom and two C atoms lying on the reflecting plane. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into chains propagating in [100].

Local excision of ciliary body tumors: a long-term prospective cohort study in China.

Background: Ciliary body tumors are usually difficult to diagnose and treat in early stages. However, treatment of such tumors has trended toward ocular conservation instead of enucleation. Local excision of ciliary body tumors has become effective with the development of the modern vitrectomy, but long-term outcomes are still not clear.

Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes in a rural Chinese adult population: the Handan Eye Study.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and association of epiretinal membranes (ERMs), as assessed by retinal photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT), in a Chinese population.

Methods: The Handan Eye Study is a population-based study of eye disease in rural Chinese aged 30+ years. Eligible residents underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination including retinal photography and Stratus OCT.

[Be cautious to treat choroidal neovascularization with anti-angiogenesis pharmacotherapy].

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) especially CNV secondary to age related macular degeneration is becoming an increasing socio-medical problem as the global population aging. Recently, with novel insights in the pathogenesis of the disease, anti-angiogenesis pharmacotherapy ablated its way into ophthalmological practice and significantly changed the management of CNV, since at the first time achieving improvement in visual function. However, facing such promising drugs, we still need to take caution with the safety, long-time efficacy; to investigate more reasonable dosing schedule; to study the combined treatment strategies and so on,finally to find out the best individual clinical care for our patients.

[Four-port pars plana vitrectomy for severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy].

Objective: To investigate the 4-port pars plana vitrectomy in eyes with severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Methods: It was a case-control study. Twenty-eight eyes in 27 patients with extensive fibrovascular proliferation associated with PDR were retrospectively collected, who were undergone 4-port pars plana vitreous surgery with bimanual manipulation techniques, such as membrane dissections and enbloc membranectomy.

[Diagnosis and treatment of ciliary epithelium tear combined with retinal detachment].

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment of the ciliary epithelium tear combined with retina detachment of the eye, and consequently, to reduce mistaken and missed diagnosis and to improve the cure rate.

Methods: The clinical data, treatment, and follow up results of 17 eyes from 16 cases of ciliary epithelium tear combined with retina detachment were analyzed retrospectively.

Results: All of the patients had a history of eye trauma.

[The effect of retrobulbar injection with anisodamine on ocular blood velocity in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy].

Objective: To study the effect of retrobulbar injection with anisodamine on ocular blood velocity in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION).

Methods: 15 minutes before injection, 15 minutes and 1 hour after injection, the blood flow velocity in 39 cases (39 eyes) diagnosed as AION was measured and analyzed by CDI, timed average maximum velocity, peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, resistance index and pulsatility index of OA, CRA and PCA were recorded.

Results: Compared with the normal eyes, each parameter of SPCA was statistically significant.

[Preliminary results of radiosurgery for uveal melanoma].

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for uveal melanoma.

Methods: From Jan, 1996 to March, 2004, 16 patients with uveal melanoma were treated with SRS, two by one session (35 Gy, 25 Gy) and fourteen by fractionated SRS (30-55 Gy/2-4F/4-16D). The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 100 months (median: 66 months).

[Analysis of changes of color Doppler flow imaging in age-related macular degeneration].

Objective: To study the specific imaging of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI).

Methods: Routine CDFI was carried out in 98 cases of AMD to observe the character of blood flow in AMD, to establish the diagnosis criteria of different types of AMD and to different the AMD from malignant choroidal melanoma, metastatic carcinoma of the choroid, choroidal nevus and macular edema.

Results: CDFI in dry form AMD did not detect changes in most patients, mildly elevated lesions presented in some cases.

[Effects of surgical treatment for choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration needs further evaluation].

Several surgical procedures and photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and their advantages, disadvantages and complications were reviewed. It is important to establish an evaluating system and taking science attitude to survey various novel surgical procedures, to evaluate their clinical results, with emphasis on the limited safety and restriction of indication.

[Color Doppler flow imaging in the diagnosis of complex vitreoretinal diseases].

Objective: To investigate the advantages of Color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) in the diagnosis of complex vitreoretinal diseases.

Methods: Both CDFI and B-mode ultrasonographic studies were performed on 518 cases (678 eyes) vitreoretinal diseases, such as vitreous hemorrhage, posterior vitreous detachment, vitreoschisis, retinal detachment; choroidal detachment and diabetic vitreoretinopathy. The accuracy of diagnosis by B-mode and CDFI on the same case was compared with results of surgery.