Advances in the regulation of inflammasome activation by GBP family in infectious diseases.

Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) are a subfamily of interferon-inducible proteins that undertake distinct roles in the the context of bacteria, virus, chlamydia and parasites infections. These proteins exert a notable influence on the progression and outcomes of infectious diseases. Within the realm of host cell-autonomous immunity against pathogens, GBPs have been identified as the regulators of pyroptosis through canonical and noncanonical inflammasome activation pathways.

Insight into Population Structure and Drug Resistance of Pediatric Tuberculosis Strains from China and Russia Gained through Whole-Genome Sequencing.

This study aimed to determine phenotypic and genotypic drug resistance patterns of strains from children with tuberculosis (TB) in China and Russia, two high-burden countries for multi/extensively-drug resistant (MDR/XDR) TB. Whole-genome sequencing data of isolates from China ( = 137) and Russia ( = 60) were analyzed for phylogenetic markers and drug-resistance mutations, followed by comparison with phenotypic susceptibility data. The Beijing genotype was detected in 126 Chinese and 50 Russian isolates.

The clinical significance of macrolide resistance in pediatric infection during COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: (MP) is a commonly occurring pathogen causing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. The global prevalence of macrolide-resistant MP (MRMP) infection, especially in Asian regions, is increasing rapidly. However, the prevalence of MRMP and its clinical significance during the COVID-19 pandemic is not clear.

Registration of intervention trials of Traditional Chinese Medicine for four neurological diseases on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov: a narrative review.

Objective: To analyze the current status of clinical trial registration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for the treatment of neurological diseases.

Methods: Interventional clinical trials of TCM treatment for ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, vascular cognitive impairment, tension-type headache before September 22, 2020 on the platform of Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched.

[Overview of systematic reviews/Meta-analysis of Xingnaojing Injection in treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage].

To overview of systematic reviews/Meta-analysis of Xingnaojing Injection(XNJ) in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH). The systematic reviews concerning XNJ in the treatment of ICH were retrieved from four Chinese databases, four English databases, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrail.gov, with the retrieval time set from their inception to September 2020.

[Situation analysis of outcome indicators of randomized controlled trials of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in recent three years].

The study aims to analyze the outcome indicators of randomized controlled trial(RCT) of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HICH) in recent three years, and thus provide suggestions for the future studies in this field. Four English databases, four Chinese databases and two online registration websites of clinical trials were searched. The RCTs published between January 2018 and September 2020 were screened.

Graphene oxide and self-avoiding molecular recognition systems-assisted recombinase polymerase amplification coupled with lateral flow bioassay for nucleic acid detection.

A new nucleic acid detection technique, termed Nano-SAMRS-RPA, is reported which employed carbon nanomaterial (graphene oxide, GO) and self-avoiding molecular recognition systems (SAMRS) to improve the specificity of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). In the presence of GO and SAMRS primers, the assay artifacts, including primer-dimers, nonspecific products, off-target hybrids, and non-canonical folds, are completely suppressed and eliminated, which makes the creation of RPA-based methods faster by simplifying the primer design and eliminating the need for primer optimization and complex probe. Moreover, a lateral flow bioassay (LFB) was also devised for simply and rapidly indicating the Nano-SAMRS-RPA results.

Simultaneous Nucleic Acids Detection and Elimination of Carryover Contamination With Nanoparticles-Based Biosensor- and Antarctic Thermal Sensitive Uracil-DNA-Glycosylase-Supplemented Polymerase Spiral Reaction.

The current report devised a novel isothermal diagnostic assay, termed as nanoparticle-based biosensor (NB)- and antarctic thermal sensitive uracil-DNA-glycosylase (ATSU)-supplemented polymerase spiral reaction (PSR; NB-ATSU-PSR). The technique merges enzymatic digestion of carryover contaminants and isothermal nucleic acid amplification technique (PSR) for simultaneous detection of nucleic acid sequences and elimination of carryover contamination. In particular, nucleic acid amplification and elimination of carryover contamination are conducted in a single pot and, thus, the use of a closed-tube reaction can remove undesired results due to carryover contamination.

Development and Clinical Validation of Multiple Cross Displacement Amplification Combined With Nanoparticles-Based Biosensor for Detection of : Preliminary Results.

Tuberculosis is still a major threat to global public health. Here, a novel diagnosis assay, termed as multiple cross displacement amplification combined with nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor (MCDA-LFB), was developed to simultaneously detect IS and IS of (MTB) in DNA extracted from reference strain H37Rv and clinical samples. The amplification can be finished within 30 min at a fixed temperature (67°C), thus the whole procedure, including rapid template preparation (15 min), isothermal reaction (30 min) and result reporting (2 min), can be completed within 50 min.

Label-Free Cross-Priming Amplification Coupled With Endonuclease Restriction and Nanoparticles-Based Biosensor for Simultaneous Detection of Nucleic Acids and Prevention of Carryover Contamination.

Here, we reported on a label-free cross-priming amplification (CPA) scheme that utilized endonuclease restriction for simultaneous detection of nucleic acids and elimination of carryover contamination. Reaction mixtures were detected in a nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor (LFB). The assay exhibited attractive traits in that it did not require the use of labeled primers or labeled probes, and thus, the technique could prevent undesired results arising from unwanted hybridization between labeled primers or between a probe and labeled primer.

Detection of Nucleic Acids and Prevention of Carryover Contamination Using Cross-Priming Amplification Combined with Nanoparticles-Based Biosensor and Antarctic Thermal Sensitive Uracil-DNA-Glycosylase.

The current study reports on a cross-priming amplification (CPA) scheme that utilizes antarctic thermal sensitive uracilDNA-glycosylase (AUDG) for simultaneous detection of nucleic acids and prevention of carryover contamination. Amplification products were applied in a nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor (LFB). The method shows attractive features in that it only requires the use of a labeled primer, eliminating the use of labeled probes.

Clinical and Drug Resistance Characteristics of New Pediatric Tuberculosis Cases in Northern China.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and characteristics of drug resistance in newly diagnosed pediatric tuberculosis (TB) patients in northern China.

Methods: Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were collected from September 2010 to October 2016 at the Beijing Children's Hospital. Patients were divided into two groups (resistant to at least one drug and pan-susceptible) according to drug susceptibility testing (DST) results.

Discovery of susceptibility loci associated with tuberculosis in Han Chinese.

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed the worldwide heterogeneity of genetic factors in tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility. Despite having the third highest global TB burden, no TB-related GWAS has been performed in China. Here, we performed the first three-stage GWAS on TB in the Han Chinese population.

Positive epistasis of major low-cost drug resistance mutations rpoB531-TTG and katG315-ACC depends on the phylogenetic background of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype strains increasingly circulate in different world regions, either as historical endemic, e.g. in East Asia, or recently imported, e.

Progress on mechanism of ethambutol resistance in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.

The occurance and prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis poses a serious threat to the global tuberculosis control. Ethambutol (EMB) is one of the first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, which is usually used in combination with isoniazid and rifampicin for treating pan-sensitive tuberculosis, and it can also be used in drug-resistant tuberculosis. However, the situation of EMB resistance is alarmingly high, especially in multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.

Identification of differentially expressed transcripts targeted by the knockdown of endogenous IFITM3.

Interferon inducible transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is a double transmembrane protein. As a member of the IFITM family, IFITM3 can be upregulated by interferon (IFN) to be involved in various biological processes. In order to determine whether gene expression profiles can be altered by a lack of IFITM3, the present study used shRNAs lentivirus for knocking down the endogenous expression of IFITM3 in human HeLa cells and human whole genome microarrays to obtain gene expression profiles.

Utility of Novel Plasma Metabolic Markers in the Diagnosis of Pediatric Tuberculosis: A Classification and Regression Tree Analysis Approach.

Although tuberculosis (TB) has been the greatest killer due to a single infectious disease, pediatric TB is still hard to diagnose because of the lack of sensitive biomarkers. Metabolomics is increasingly being applied in infectious diseases. But little is known regarding metabolic biomarkers in children with TB.

Prevalence and molecular characteristics of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Beijing, China: 2006 versus 2012.

Background: As the epidemic of MDR-TB and XDR-TB becomes increasingly severe, it is important to determine the clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of MDR-TB and XDR-TB. Recently, many studies have shown that clinical features and molecular characteristics of drug-resistant strains vary in different geographical areas, however, further information is needed to assess the dynamic evolution of drug-resistant TB. Comparative studies between different time periods are necessary to elucidate the development of drug-resistant TB.

Compensatory Mutations of Rifampin Resistance Are Associated with Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Genotype Strains in China.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis can acquire resistance to rifampin (RIF) through mutations in the rpoB gene. This is usually accompanied by a fitness cost, which, however, can be mitigated by secondary mutations in the rpoA or rpoC gene. This study aimed to identify rpoA and rpoC mutations in clinical M.