Age-Related Influence on Static and Dynamic Balance Abilities: An Inertial Measurement Unit-Based Evaluation.

Balance control, a complex sensorimotor skill, declines with age. Assessing balance is crucial for identifying fall risk and implementing interventions in the older population. This study aimed to measure age-dependent changes in static and dynamic balance using inertial measurement units in a clinical setting.

The lymphatic drainage of the goat heart.

The detailed knowledge of the morphological structure, drainage pathways and patterns, the first tier lymph node of the cardiac lymphatic and its relationship with the circulatory system has not yet been completed. Although, the cardiac lymphatics had been described with renewed interest in past years, which was attributed to the transparent nature of lymphatic vessels that are difficult to be observed. In this study, cardiac lymphatics of the goat heart were perfused by a direct microinjecting technique with a radiopaque mixture.

Superior Gait Symmetry and Postural Stability among Yoga Instructors-Inertial Measurement Unit-Based Evaluation.

This study investigates gait symmetry and single-leg stance balance of professional yoga instructors versus age-matched typically developed controls using inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based evaluation. We recruited twenty-five yoga instructors and twenty-five healthy control subjects to conduct the walking experiments and single-leg stance tests. Kinematic data were measured by attaching IMUs to the lower limbs and trunk.

Hemolymph Node - An Immunomorphlogical Organ: Modeling the Hemolymph Node by Allografting Renal Tissue in the Rat.

There is no authoritative characterization of the attributes of the hemolymph node (HLN) since Gibbes' first description in 1884. Early reports showed that HLN are found near the kidney in human and animals with the feature of numerous erythrocytes in sinuses. Subsequent studies mainly focused on anatomy and histology, such as the source, distribution, and quantity of erythrocytes in sinuses.

The deep lymphatic anatomy of the hand.

Background: The deep lymphatic anatomy of the hand still remains the least described in medical literature.

Methods: Eight hands were harvested from four nonembalmed human cadavers amputated above the wrist. A small amount of 6% hydrogen peroxide was employed to detect the lymphatic vessels around the superficial and deep palmar vascular arches, in webs from the index to little fingers, the thenar and hypothenar areas.

Perforating and deep lymphatic vessels in the knee region: an anatomical study and clinical implications.

Background: To determine the relationship between the perforating and deep lymphatic vessels in the knee region for clinical implications.

Methods: Four lower limbs from two unembalmed human cadavers were used. Under a surgical microscope, 6% hydrogen peroxide was employed to detect lymph vessels accompanying the small saphenous vein, anterior tibial, posterior tibial and fibular blood vessels all commencing from distal ends of specimens.

A Method for Making a Lymphatic Specimen of the Dorsum of the Hand.

Purpose: To make a lymphatic specimen of the dorsum of the hand for educational and clinical purposes.

Methods: A total of four hands from two unembalmed human cadavers were used. Under a surgical microscope, 6% hydrogen peroxide was employed to detect the lymphatic vessels commencing from fingers.

Divergent lymphatic drainage routes from the heel to the inguinal region: anatomic study and clinical implications.

Purpose: To determine routes of lymphatic drainage from the heel to the inguinal lymph nodes to assist in the clinical management of lower limb lymphatic disorders.

Methods: Six lower limbs from three unembalmed human cadavers were studied. Under a surgical microscope, 6% hydrogen peroxide was used to detect lymphatic vessels on the medial and lateral sides of the heel.

Radiologic Manifestations of Senile Lymph Nodes in the Popliteal Fossa.

Purpose: To determine the radiologic manifestations of senile lymph nodes in the popliteal fossa for radiologic and clinical application.

Methods: A total of six lower extremities from four unembalmed human cadavers were studied. Under a surgical microscope, 6% hydrogen peroxide was used to detect the lymphatic vessels commencing from the foot and leg.

Superficial lymphatic drainage of the lower extremity: anatomical study and clinical implications.

Background: Knowledge of the lymphatic anatomy in the lower extremity is inadequate. A reevaluation is needed to assist in guiding clinical management.

Methods: A total of five lower extremities from three unembalmed human cadavers were studied.

Arterial supply of the tendinous rotator cuff insertions: an anatomical study.

Background: Confirming the presence of arteries crossing the osteotendinous junctions (OTJs) of the rotator cuff may explain why rates of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the humeral head vary between three- and four-part proximal humeral fractures. It is hypothesized that the humeral head remains better vascularized in three-part fractures because one tuberosity with its inserting rotator cuff tendons is still attached to the articular fragment and supplying it with blood.

Methods: Eighty rotator cuff tendons from 20 shoulder girdles of cadavers aged 68-94 years were studied.

New approach to the study of intraosseous vasculature.

Background: The study of intraosseous vasculature has always been challenging due to the hard, calcified structure of bone. Techniques used to study intraosseous vasculature usually involve diaphanization with a Spalteholz technique, followed by X-ray imaging to display the radio contrast-injected blood vessels. These techniques produce results with fine detail when successfully executed.

Alternative lymphatic drainage routes from the lateral heel to the inguinal lymph nodes: anatomic study and clinical implications.

Background: The route of lymphatic drainage from the heel to the inguinal lymph nodes is required to be accurately evaluated for clinical needs.

Methods: Seven lower limbs from four unembalmed human cadavers were studied. Under a surgical microscope, 6% hydrogen peroxide was used to detect the lymphatic vessel on the lateral side of the heel.

Preventing venous congestion of the nipple-areola complex: an anatomical guide to preserving essential venous drainage networks.

Background: Venous congestion leading to partial or total nipple necrosis is a relatively uncommon complication of breast reduction and mastopexy procedures but still occurs, particularly in larger reduction procedures. This is largely preventable if the surgeon has an understanding of the venous drainage to the nipple and carefully preserves it.

Methods: An anatomical study was undertaken on 16 fresh female cadaveric breast specimens.

Variations in the lymphatic drainage pattern of the head and neck: further anatomic studies and clinical implications.

Background: There is an increasing clinical need for accurate evaluation of the lymphatic anatomy of the head and neck.

Methods: Fourteen halves of the superficial tissues of the head and neck and six specimens of the anterior superficial neck tissue from 13 unembalmed human cadavers were studied. Six percent hydrogen peroxide was used to detect the lymphatic vessels by using a surgical microscope.

Lymphatic drainage of the external ear.

Background: Lymphoscintigraphy reveals inconsistencies in our knowledge of the lymphatic anatomy of the external ear.

Methods: Fifteen external ears from 9 unembalmed human cadavers were studied. Six percent hydrogen peroxide was used to find the lymphatic vessels using a surgical microscope.

The arterial supply of the long head of biceps tendon: Anatomical study with implications for tendon rupture.

Zones of hypovascularity are thought to exist in several tendons of the shoulder, contributing to localized tendon weakness and subsequent rupture in clinical practice. Although these zones have been demonstrated in many frequently ruptured tendons, the existence of a similar area in the often ruptured long head of biceps (LHB) tendon is largely unknown. Twenty cadaveric upper limb specimens were dissected after injection with either a radio-opaque lead oxide/milk mixture or India ink, followed by histological sectioning of the tendons.

The morphology of the human lymphatic vessels in the head and neck.

Previously little has been written about the morphology of the human lymphatic vessels since Sappey (Sappey [1874] Anatomie, Physiologie, Pathologie des Vaisseaux Lymphatiques, Paris: Adrien Delahaye) over 100 years ago. There needs to be an accurate re-evaluation of scientific observations to aid clinical management. Forty-nine combinations of tissue from the head and neck of 20 unembalmed human cadavers were studied.

Blood supply to the lymphatic vessels in the leg: an incidental finding.

There are no reports or images of the blood supply to the lymphatic vessels. One lower limb of an unembalmed human cadaver was studied. Hydrogen peroxide (6%) was applied to find the lymphatic vessels by using a surgical microscope.

The venous anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall: an anatomical and clinical study.

Background: Despite improving outcomes, venous problems in the harvest of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flaps remain the more common vascular complications. However, it is apparent that the venous anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall has not been described to the same extent as the arterial anatomy. Previous anatomical studies have focused on cadaveric anatomy or excisional specimens.

The perforator angiosome: a new concept in the design of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps for breast reconstruction.

Background: The previously described "perfusion zones" of the abdominal wall vasculature are based on filling of the deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) and all its branches simultaneously. With the advent of the DIEA perforator flap, only a single or several perforators are included in supply to the flap. As such, a new model for abdominal wall perfusion has become necessary.

Historical review of breast lymphatic studies.

The gross anatomy of the lymphatic system is one of the least studied areas of anatomy, primarily because of the technical difficulties encountered in demonstrating this almost invisible yet vast system. Similarly, there have been very few studies of the gross lymphatic anatomy of the adult human breast. Previous studies used young pregnant female cadavers.

A three-dimensional analysis of the lymphatics of a bilateral breast specimen: a human cadaveric study.

Background: There is an increasing clinical need for evaluation of the lymphatic anatomy of the breast. Because of tissue putrefaction, previous studies have not been able to achieve radiographic analyses of bilateral breasts in cadaver specimens. The use of improved preservation techniques with computed tomographic lymphangiography (CT; CTL) has now allowed this analysis to be undertaken.