Phosphine-promoted unprecedented [3 + 2] annulation reactions via ring expansion by using 2-benzylidene-indane-1,3-diones and diynoates for the synthesis of biologically interesting novel naphthoquinones fused with a five-membered ring bearing a phosphorus ylide up to 78% yield are described. Further ring contraction through [1,5] sigmatropic rearrangement to the spiro indan-1,3-diones by CPBA oxidation was revealed and inferred through oxidation, followed by protonation. The relevant structures were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMental well-being relates to multitudinous lifestyle behaviours and morbidities and underpins healthy aging. Thus far, causal evidence on whether and in what pattern mental well-being impacts healthy aging and the underlying mediating pathways is unknown. Applying genetic instruments of the well-being spectrum and its four dimensions including life satisfaction, positive affect, neuroticism and depressive symptoms (n = 80,852 to 2,370,390), we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses to estimate the causal effect of mental well-being on the genetically independent phenotype of aging (aging-GIP), a robust and representative aging phenotype, and its components including resilience, self-rated health, healthspan, parental lifespan and longevity (n = 36,745 to 1,012,240).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe chromatin modifier GRAIN WEIGHT 6a (GW6a) enhances rice grain size and yield. However, little is known about its gene network determining grain size. Here, we report that MITOGEN-ACTIVED PROTEIN KINASE 6 (OsMAPK6) and E3 ligase CHANG LI GENG 1 (CLG1) interact with and target GW6a for phosphorylation and ubiquitylation, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFXingkai Lake, located in Heilongjiang Province, is an important fishery and agricultural base and is seriously polluted by agricultural non-point sources. To clarify the residual status of many pesticides in the surface water of Xingkai Lake, 27 types of pesticides, herbicides, and their degradation products were analyzed in rice paddy, drainage, and surface water around Xingkai Lake (China) during the rice heading and maturity periods. The results showed that all 27 types of pesticides, herbicides, and their degradation products were detected during the rice heading period, and the total concentration ranged from 247.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHistone acetylation affects numerous cellular processes, such as gene transcription, in both plants and animals. However, the posttranslational modification-participated regulatory networks for crop-yield-related traits are largely unexplored. Here, we characterize a regulatory axis for controlling rice grain size and yield, centered on a potent histone acetyltransferase (chromatin modifier) known as HHC4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman longevity correlates with socio-economic status, and there is evidence that educational attainment increases human lifespan. However, to inform meaningful health policies, we need fine-grained causal evidence on which dimensions of socio-economic status affect longevity and the mediating roles of modifiable factors such as lifestyle and disease. Here we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses applying genetic instruments of education, income and occupation (n = 248,847 to 1,131,881) to estimate their causal effects and consequences on parental lifespan and self-longevity (n = 28,967 to 1,012,240) from the largest available genome-wide association studies in populations of European ancestry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGrain size is a key component of grain yield and quality in crops. Several core players of auxin signaling have been revealed to modulate grain size; however, to date, few genetically defined pathways have been reported, and whether phosphorylation could boost degradation of Aux/IAA proteins is uncertain. Here, we show that TGW3 (also called OsGSK5) interacts with and phosphorylates OsIAA10.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: The widely recommended fracture prediction tool FRAX was developed based on and for the general population. Although several adjusted FRAX methods were suggested for type 2 diabetes (T2DM), they still need to be evaluated in T2DM cohort.
Introduction: This study was undertaken to develop a prediction model for Chinese diabetes fracture risk (CDFR) and compare its performance with those of FRAX.
(Kom.) Nakai is a well-known medicinal hemiparasite widely distributed in Asia. The synthesis and accumulation of its metabolites are affected by both environmental factors and the host plants, while the latter of which is usually overlooked.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeed vigor in crops is important in terms of improving grain quality and germplasm conservation; however, little is known about its regulatory mechanisms through the encoded proteome and gene network. Comparative analyses of transcriptome (RNA sequencing [RNA-seq]) and broadly targeted metabolic profiling of two subspecific rice cultivars with distinct seed vigor during accelerated aging revealed various biological pathways and metabolic processes as key influences explaining trait differences. RNA-seq coexpression regulatory network analyses identified several transcription factors, including bZIP23 and bZIP42, that act as nodes in the gene network.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with subclinical macrovascular and microvascular diseases has been less investigated. We sought to examine the association between NLR and new-onset subclinical macrovascular and microvascular abnormalities in the Chinese population.
Methods: From a community cohort, we included 6,430 adults aged ≥ 40 years without subclinical macrovascular and microvascular diseases at baseline.
For grain crops such as rice (Oryza sativa), grain size substantially affects yield. The histone acetyltransferase GRAIN WEIGHT 6a (GW6a) determines grain size and yield in rice. However, the gene regulatory network underlying GW6a-mediated regulation of grain size has remained elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLgr4, a G-protein-coupled receptor, is associated with various physiological and pathological processes including oncogenesis, energy metabolism, and bone remodeling. However, whether Lgr4 is involved in osteoblasts' metabolism is not clear. Here we uncover that in preosteoblast cell line, lacking Lgr4 results in decreased osteogenic function along with reduced glucose consumption, glucose uptake, and lactate production in the presence of abundant oxygen, which is referred to as aerobic glycolysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe model of loss and re-establishment of desiccation tolerance (DT) in germinated seeds has been well developed to explore the mechanisms associated with DT, but little attention has been paid to the tissue variation in this model. Herein, we investigated DT in different embryo axis tissues of germinated pea seeds and its re-establishment by poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) treatment and then employed an iTRAQ-based proteomic method to explore the underlying mechanisms. DT varied among the four embryo axis parts of germinated seeds: epicotyl > hypocotyl-E (hypocotyl part attached to the epicotyl) > hypocotyl-R (hypocotyl part attached to the radicle) > radicle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To investigate the relationship between parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and body weight, body mass index (BMI), lipid profiles, and fat distribution in subjects with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and controls.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in 192 patients with PHPT and 202 controls. Serum concentrations of calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), PTH, lipids profiles, and other hormones were quantified.
Objective: The relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and glycemic indices, including plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postload glucose (2h-PG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), remains inconclusive. We aimed to explore the associations between glycemic indices and SUA levels in the general Chinese population.
Methods: The current study was a cross-sectional analysis using the first follow-up survey data from The China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort Study.
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with no absolute cure. The evidence of the involvement of gut microbiota in PD pathogenesis suggests the need to identify certain molecule(s) derived from the gut microbiota, which has the potential to manage PD. Osteocalcin (OCN), an osteoblast-secreted protein, has been shown to modulate brain function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong non‑coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00473 plays a carcinogenic role in a variety of different tumor types. Nevertheless, the mechanisms through which LINC00473 regulates the radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells remains elusive. In the present study, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was used to quantify the expression of LINC00473, microRNA (miRNA/miR)‑497‑5p and cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A) in ESCC tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Liver fibrosis is an important predictor of mortality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Peripheral artery disease (PAD) and liver fibrosis share many common metabolic dysfunctions. We aimed to explore the association between PAD and risk of fibrosis deterioration in NAFLD patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA high-salt diet (HSD) is a major cause of many chronic and age-related defects such as myocardial hypertrophy, locomotor impairment and mortality. Exercise training can efficiently prevent and treat many chronic and age-related diseases. However, it remains unclear whether endurance exercise can resist HSD-induced impairment of climbing capacity and longevity in aging individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOverexpression of phytoglobins (formerly plant hemoglobins) increases the survival rate of plant tissues under hypoxia stress by the following two known mechanisms: (1) scavenging of nitric oxide (NO) in the phytoglobin/NO cycle and (2) mimicking ethylene priming to hypoxia when NO scavenging activates transcription factors that are regulated by levels of NO and O in the N-end rule pathway. To map the cellular and metabolic effects of hypoxia in barley ( L., cv.
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