Kinetic Characteristics of Neutralizing Antibody Responses Vary among Patients with COVID-19.

Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to present a major challenge to public health. Vaccine development requires an understanding of the kinetics of neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Methods: In total, 605 serum samples from 125 COVID-19 patients (from January 1 to March 14, 2020) varying in age, sex, severity of symptoms, and presence of underlying diseases were collected, and antibody titers were measured using a micro-neutralization assay with wild-type SARS-CoV-2.

Antiretroviral Long-Term Efficacy and Resistance of Lopinavir/Ritonavir Plus Lamivudine in HIV-1-Infected Treatment-Naïve Patients (ALTERLL): 144-Week Results of a Randomized, Open-Label, Non-Inferiority Study From Guangdong, China.

Dual therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) plus lamivudine (3TC) has been demonstrated to be non-inferior to the triple drug regimen including LPV/r plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in 48-week studies. However, little is known about the long-term efficacy and drug resistance of this simplified strategy. A randomized, controlled, open-label, non-inferiority trial (ALTERLL) was conducted to assess the efficacy, drug resistance, and safety of dual therapy with LPV/r plus 3TC (DT group), compared with the first-line triple-therapy regimen containing tenofovir (TDF), 3TC plus efavirenz (EFV) (TT group) in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve HIV-1-infected adults in Guangdong, China.

Efficacy and safety of the long-acting fusion inhibitor albuvirtide in antiretroviral-experienced adults with human immunodeficiency virus-1: interim analysis of the randomized, controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority TALENT study.

Background: Albuvirtide is a once-weekly injectable human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 fusion inhibitor. We present interim data for a phase 3 trial assessing the safety and efficacy of albuvirtide plus lopinavir-ritonavir in HIV-1-infected adults already treated with antiretroviral drugs.

Methods: We carried out a 48-week, randomized, controlled, open-label non-inferiority trial at 12 sites in China.

Assessing the association between platelets and immune recovery in HIV/HBV co-infected patients: A long-term cohort in Asia.

Background: Previous studies have reported that platelet count is associated with the progression of liver disease caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), but there have been no reports on whether platelet count is associated with immune recovery in HIV/HBV co-infected patients.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 167 HIV-infected patients whose continuously highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) strategy was lamivudine +tenofovir+ efavirenz, of which 75 were HIV/HBV co-infected patients and 92 were HIV mono-infected patients. The biochemical examination results and demographic characteristics of all patients before HAART were collected, and routine blood test results (including platelet count) and immune cell count (including CD4 cells count) after all time points of HAART were obtained.

The clinical significance of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in dengue fever patients.

Background: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play immunosuppressive roles in cancers and some infectious diseases; however, their role in dengue fever (DF) remains unknown. This study evaluated the clinical significance of MDSCs in DF patients.

Methods: This study comprised 178 non-severe DF patients, 20 non-dengue fever (NDF) controls, and 30 healthy donors.

ICAM-1 controls development and function of ILC2.

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are emerging as key players in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation. The mechanisms regulating ILC2, however, are not fully understood. Here, we found that ICAM-1 is required for the development and function of ILC2.

Epidemiological and Virological Characterizations of the 2014 Dengue Outbreak in Guangzhou, China.

Dengue used to be recognized as an imported and sporadic disease in China. Since June 2014, an unexpected large dengue outbreak has attacked Guangzhou, China, resulting in more than 40,000 cases. Among the 1,942 laboratory-confirmed hospitalized dengue cases, 121 were diagnosed as severe dengue according to the 2009 WHO guideline, and 2 patients finally died.

Efficacy and Safety of Tenofovir and Lamivudine in Combination with Efavirenz in Patients Co-infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis B Virus in China.

Background: The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is high among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in China. Both HIV and HBV can be treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and lamivudine (3TC), so we evaluated the safety and efficacy of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) that included TDF, 3TC, and efavirenz (EFV) among ART-naive individuals who were co-infected with HIV and HBV.

Methods: One hundred HIV/HBV co-infected ARV-naive individuals were started on the regimen of TDF, 3TC, and EFV, and the levels of plasma HBV DNA, HIV RNA, and biochemical evaluation related to the function of liver and kidney were analyzed.

Identification of a novel HIV-1 intra-circulating recombinant form 01_AE in China: a descendant of the previously identified CRF01_AE transmission clusters 1 and 6.

We report here a novel HIV-1 intra-CRF01_AE recombinant form (CRF01-1AE/CRF01-6AE) composed of CRF01_AE transmission clusters 1 and 6, identified among heterosexuals in Fujian, with one breakpoint observed in gene. The CRF01_AE region I (HXB2: 868-5184) of the recombinant was clustered with the CRF01_AE transmission cluster 1, which is mainly circulating among IDUs and heterosexuals from the southern and southwestern China, with the support of 100% bootstrap value. The CRF01_AE region II (HXB2: 5185-9605) of the recombinant was clustered with the CRF01_AE transmission cluster 6, which is mainly prevailing among heterosexuals from southern China, with the support of 100% bootstrap value.

Hepatitis C therapy with interferon-α and ribavirin reduces the CD4 cell count and the total, 2LTR circular and integrated HIV-1 DNA in HIV/HCV co-infected patients.

This study investigated whether treatment with IFN-α and ribavirin (RBV) reduces 2LTR circular HIV DNA in addition to the total and integrated HIV DNA. Two groups of patients were enrolled. Group 1 comprised HIV/HCV co-infected patients who were treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), IFN-α and RBV for 48 weeks.

HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus co-infection in patients in the China National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program, 2010-12: a retrospective observational cohort study.

Background: Hepatitis-related liver diseases are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity among people with HIV/AIDS taking combination antiretroviral therapy. We assessed the effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection on HIV outcomes in patients in China.

Methods: We did a nationwide retrospective observational cohort study with data from the China National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program from 2010-11.

[Differential response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C and HIV/HCV co-infected patients].

Objective: To investigate the potential differences in response to pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) combination therapy in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) mono-infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV co-infection.

Methods: Seventy HIV/HCV patients and sixty HCV patients, were administered a 48-week course of Peg-IFN + RBV. The HCV load was tested by the COBAS automatic viral load analysis system (lower limit of quantification = 15 IU/ml) at treatment weeks 0 (baseline), 4, 12, 24, and 48 and at week 24 after drug withdrawal.

[Analysis of death causes of 345 cases with HIV/AIDS in Guangdong area].

Objective: To analyze the death causes of 345 cases with HIV/AIDS in Guangdong area.

Methods: The situations of 345 hospitalized death cases with HIV/AIDS were conducted by retrospective analysis.

Results: (1)There were total 3406 hospitalized cases with HIV/AIDS in a hospital from January 2001 to December 2011 and 345 cases died, the fatality rate was 10.

Genotyping of Pneumocystis jirovecii isolates from Chinese HIV-infected patients based on nucleotide sequence variations in the internal transcribed spacer regions of rRNA genes.

Genetic diversity of Pneumocystis jirovecii isolates based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the nuclear rRNA locus has previously been reported. The information about ITS genotype and epidemiology of this organism in Chinese human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients has not been available. In this study, 12 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens obtained from HIV-infected patients were analyzed by PCR followed by cloning, sequencing and typing.

Genetic diversity analysis of Penicillium marneffei isolated from AIDS patients in Guangdong, China using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA.

Background: Penicillium marneffei (P. marneffei) is an emerging pathogenic fungus that can cause invasive mycosis in patients with AIDS. The epidemiological features of P.

[Analysis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) subtypes in HIV/HCV co-infected and HCV mono-infected individuals in Guangdong province].

Objective: To explore the transmission routes, genotypes/subtypes distribution and genetic character of HCV in HIV/HCV co-infected and HCV mono-infected individuals in Guangdong Province.

Methods: Reverse transcription (RT) nested PCR was performed to amplify the HCV NS5B gene region from 95 HIV/HCV co-infected and 99 HCV mono-infected individuals lived in Guangdong province. The PCR products were then sequenced for HCV subtyping.

Liver injury in HIV-1-infected patients receiving non-nucleosides reverse transcriptase inhibitors-based antiretroviral therapy.

Background: Liver injury is one of the most important adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy, leading to therapy changing or discontinuation. Data on liver injury in human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy are limited in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate the features of liver injury in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients receiving non-nucleosides reverse transcriptase inhibitors-based antiretroviral therapy in China.

[Epidemiologic and therapeutic status study of patients with hepatitis C].

Objective: To investigate the different infective mode, the time from be infectived to be diagnosed and the time from be diagnosed to be treated of patients with hepatitis C.

Methods: The different infective mode, the time from be infectived to be diagnosed and the time from be diagnosed to be treated of 216 patients with hepatitis C from march 2004 to march 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: 72.

[The therapeutic effects of highly active anti-retroviral therapy in 74 treatment-naive patients with AIDS in China].

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in treatment-naïve Chinese patients with AIDS, to provide evidences for standardizing HAART.

Methods: Seventy-four treatment-naive AIDS patients were initiated with HAART and followed up regularly for 3 years. The clinical and laboratory data, side effects and drug resistance were observed and analyzed during the follow-up period.

[An analysis of opportunistic infection in 762 inpatients with human immunodeficiency virus infection in Guangdong areas].

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of opportunistic infection (OI) in patients with HIV/AIDS in Guangdong and the relationship between OI and the change in blood CD4+ T lymphocyte count (CD4+).

Methods: Seven hundred and sixty two patients with HIV/AIDS admitted were analyzed.

Results: Among all the 762 patients, 704 (92.

Current antibody-based immunoassay algorithm failed to confirm three late-stage AIDS cases in China: case report.

Background: Immunoassays composed of screening and confirmation are the established algorithm to confirm HIV infection in China, with a Western blot result as the final diagnosis.

Case Presentation: In this report, three late-stage AIDS patients were initially tested HIV antibody positive using multiple screening kits, but tested indeterminate using Western blot. HIV infection diagnosis was confirmed based on nucleic acid assays, clinic manifestations and epidemiological history.

[Detection of cryptosporidium infection among AIDS patients in Guangdong and Yunnan].

Objective: To investigate the infection of Cryptosporidium and its epidemiological characteristics in AIDS patients of Southern China.

Methods: Stool samples colleted from AIDS confirmed patients. The samples were detected for oocyst of Cryptosporidium by acid fast bacteria stain and indirect fluorescent antibody stain respectively, CD4 count was detected by Flow Cytometry.

Absence of Pneumocystis jirovecii dihydropteroate synthase gene mutations among samples from a group of AIDS patients in China.

Pneumocystis jirovecii dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene mutations are associated with failure of sulfur prophylaxis of Pneumocystis pneumonia. Here the P. jirovecii DHPS gene was amplified from bronchoalveolar fluid of 10 AIDS patients in China.