On-chip Mach-Zehnder interferometer for 1550 nm laser frequency stabilization.

Low-noise stable lasers have broad applications in metrology, spectroscopy, communication, and quantum physics. Here we demonstrate locking a semiconductor laser to an on-chip silicon nitride Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) using the Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) stabilization technology. After locking, the frequency noise of the laser is suppressed by up to 37 dB, and the relative stability reaches 3 10 at a gate time of 1 ms, showing an order of magnitude improvement compared to a free-running operation.

Stress-Driven Grain Boundary Structural Transition in Diamond by Machine Learning Potential.

Understanding the structural dynamics of carbon grain boundaries, particularly in diamond, is essential for advancing next-generation device applications. Carbon's diverse allotropes, driven by its versatile chemical bonding, hold immense potential, yet analyzing these boundaries is challenging due to the limitations of experimental techniques and the computational demands of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. In this study, a machine learning-based molecular dynamics potential, rigorously trained on ab initio data, that accurately predicts structural transitions in incoherent twin boundaries within diamond is introduced.

High-Fidelity, High-Conductivity and Multifunctional PEDOT:PSS Hydrogel for Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Ultrafast Response Electrochromic Applications.

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hydrogel are promising for applications in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, energy storage, and electrochromic (EC) devices. However, challenges such as low conductivity at reduced solid content, limited charge storage, poor mechanical properties, and structural distortion during solvent treatment limit their high-performance applications. To address these issues, a high-fidelity, high-conductivity and multifunctional PEDOT:PSS hydrogel is developed by an ice crystal-assisted skeleton stacking and stepwise treatment strategy, achieving ultrahigh conductivity of 87,249 S m at 5.

Detection of retinal nerve fiber layer in patients with high myopia complicated with glaucoma by optical coherence tomography.

Objective: To detect the changes in the thickness of the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) in patients with High Myopia (HM) complicated with glaucoma through Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).

Methods: 80 patients (160 eyes) with HM complicated with glaucoma treated from March 2018 to March 2020 were enrolled as the experimental group, and 60 healthy volunteers (120 eyes) undergoing physical examination in the same period were selected as the control group. OCT measured their RNFL thicknesses.

Engineered MSCs Break Endothelial-Myofibroblast Crosstalk in Pulmonary Fibrosis: Reconstructing the Vascular Niche.

In the progress of pulmonary fibrosis (PF), the normal vascular niche plays a crucial role in alveolar regeneration by secreting angiocrine factors. However, the malignant interaction between myofibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells results in significant loss of pulmonary capillaries in fibroblast foci, which promotes continuous deterioration of fibrosis. Herein, an engineered mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapeutic named MSC-MM@LPHN is developed for reconstructing the vascular niche, which is formed by modifying the surface of MSC with ROS-responsive lipid polymeric hybrid nanoparticles encapsulating the metformin and macitentan.

Nanocellulose-Based Proton Exchange Membranes with Excellent Dimensional Stability, Superior Mechanical Properties, and High Proton Conductivity via Composite MOF@CNT.

Nanocellulose has shown significant potential in the field of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) because of its low cost, biodegradability, excellent thermal stability, and high designability. However, its development is limited by its low mechanical stability and low proton conductivity. In this study, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were blended as a composite matrix (CNF/CNC), and a stable metal-organic framework (MOF) with the -SOH (S-UIO-66) was prepared on the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via an in situ growth procedure.

Engineered Stem Cell Booster Breaks Pathological Barriers to Treat Chronic Pancreatitis.

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a long-standing progressive fibrosis and has long been considered incurable, which remains a heavy health burden worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with anti-fibrosis properties are currently used in the treatment of fibroinflammatory diseases. However, its therapeutic effect is limited mainly due to two main types of pathological barriers in CP: 1) Fibrotic collagen hinders cell delivery, and 2) Malignant microenvironment attacks cell inactivation.

Combining Physiology and Transcriptome to Reveal Mechanisms of 'Golden Cadet' in Response to Alkali Stress.

As an ornamentally and medicinally worthy plant, (Lam.) Aschers. has the adapted capacity to survive cold temperate monsoon climates in Northeastern China.

Alzheimer's disease with depression: clinical characteristics and potential mechanisms involving orexin and brain atrophy.

This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics and alteration of orexinergic level in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the volumes of brain grey and white matters, and investigate the roles of orexinergic level on the association between brain atrophy and depression in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The demographic variables of 156 participants were collected. Orexinergic level in CSF and the volumes of brain grey and white matters were evaluated.

High-Capacity Multilayered Luminescent Encryption Technology Based on Er-Implanted Silicon Treated by Pulsed Laser Annealing.

Luminescent encrypted labels can effectively solve the problem of counterfeiting. However, they suffer from complex design and fabrication, low space utilization, and limited capacity of encrypted information. Herein, we create multilayer infrared luminescent encryption labels using femtosecond-laser-activated Er-doped silicon.

The apoplastic pH is a key determinant in the hypocotyl growth response to auxin dosage and light.

Auxin is a core phytohormone regulating plant elongation growth. While auxin typically promotes hypocotyl elongation, excessive amounts of auxin inhibit elongation. Moreover, auxin usually promotes light-grown, but inhibits dark-grown hypocotyl elongation.

An Efficient MEMS Microelectrode Array with Reliable Interelectrode Insulation Processes for In Vivo Neural Recording.

Microelectrode arrays, particularly Utah arrays, offer irreplaceable advantages in clinical applications and play a crucial role in advancing brain-computer interactions. However, the glass-fused monolithic structure of Utah arrays limits functional expansion, and the glass insulation process is complex, costly, and time-intensive. This paper presents a microelectrode array with a simple and time-saving fabrication process, utilizing low-resistance silicon and borosilicate glass wafers as electrodes and insulation substrates, respectively.

Benefits of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis's floral volatile components on human emotions and moods.

With the advancement of society, there has been an increasing focus on the health status of college students, with plants playing a significant role in the campus environment. Investigating the impact of the aromatic scent of plants on the physical and mental well-being of college students is essential. This study centered on the common indoor potted flower Gardenia jasminoides Ellis to delve into its aroma and the influence of its volatiles on the physical, mental, and emotional recovery of college students.

Laboratory measurement and machine learning-based analysis of driving factors for brake wear particle emissions from light-duty electric vehicles and heavy-duty vehicles.

This study investigates brake wear particle (BWP) emissions from light-duty electric vehicles (EVs) and heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) using a self-developed whole-vehicle testing system and a modified brake dynamometer. The results show that regenerative braking significantly reduces emissions: weak and strong regenerative braking modes reduce brake wear PM by 75 % and 87 %, and brake wear PM by 90 % and 95 %, respectively. HDVs with drum brakes produce lower emissions and higher PM/PM ratios than those with disc brakes.

Medication adherence and needs among patients with schizophrenia in China: a qualitative study.

Objectives: To explore the factors influencing medication adherence and the medication needs of patients with schizophrenia when living in a community in China.

Design: A qualitative study.

Setting: Community and psychiatric ward in Zhuhai city, Guangdong province.

Fully Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Ice Nucleation Near an Antifreeze Protein.

Heterogeneous ice nucleation is a widespread phenomenon in nature. Despite extensive research on ice nucleation near biological antifreeze proteins, a probe for ice nucleation and growth processes at the atomic level is still lacking. Herein, we present simulation evidence of the heterogeneous ice nucleation process on the ice-binding surface (IBS) of the antifreeze protein (TmAFP).

Association between workplace violence from patients and the mental health status of healthcare workers in Zhuhai China: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Workplace violence (WPV) poses a serious occupational risk. This study aims to explore the association between WPV from patients and the occurrence of insomnia, depression, and anxiety among healthcare workers.

Methods: Information about the WPV from patients was collected by a self-designed questionnaire.

Effect of free gingival graft dimension on postsurgical shrinkage in posterior implant placement: A prospective parallel cohort study.

Statement Of Problem: The impact of free gingival graft (FGG) dimensions on the postsurgical shrinkage of keratinized tissue width (KTW) and surface area in posterior implant sites is unclear. Standardized assessments of how graft dimensions influence KTW and surface area shrinkage rates over a 6-month period after FGG are lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this prospective parallel cohort study was to examine the impact of the graft dimensions on the postsurgical shrinkage of KTW and surface area over a 6-month follow-up period after FGG in the posterior regions.

Extracellular vesicles promote the infection and pathogenicity of Japanese encephalitis virus.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic zoonotic pathogen that poses a serious threat to public health. Currently, there is no specific therapeutic agent available for JEV infection, primarily due to the complexity of its infection mechanism and pathogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been known to play an important role in viral infection, but their specific functions in JEV infection remain unknown.

Geochemical speciation and activation risks of Cd, Ni, and Zn in soils with naturally high background in karst regions of southwestern China.

Agricultural soils in karst regions present a remarkable paradox where high geochemical background levels of heavy metals correspond with unexpectedly low crop uptake, challenging traditional risk assessment frameworks and limiting agricultural development. To decode this paradox, we investigated the geochemical speciation of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) in soil-rice systems in southwestern China, which collectively constitute the world's largest continuous karst region and represent diverse soil weathering stages. We employed three chemical extraction methods that revealed reactive pools ranking as Cd (58.

Toripalimab plus chemotherapy for metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer with a high tumor proportion score: a case report.

Background: Radical cystectomy (RC) combined with pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) is the standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). For metastatic MIBC patients, platinum-based chemotherapy remains the first choice treatment. However, approximately 50% of patients with metastatic MIBC are ineligible for platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy because of impaired renal function.

The relationship between sleep quality and depressive symptoms in older adults: the mediated role of muscle strength (dynapenia).

Background: The association between sleep quality and depressive symptoms was established, which could be varied by some mediators. Muscle strength might be a potential mediator for this association. The purpose of this study was to explore the mediating role of muscle strength in the relationship between sleep quality and depressive symptoms among the older individuals with or without dynapenia.

Machine learning helps reveal key factors affecting tire wear particulate matter emissions.

Tire wear particles (TWPs) are generated with every rotation of the tire. However, obtaining TWPs under real driving conditions and revealing key factors affecting TWPs are challenging. In this study, we obtained a TWPs dataset by simulating tire wear process under real driving conditions using a tire wear simulator and custom-designed test conditions.

Au nanoparticle-modified hollow carbon spheres as an advanced electrochemical sensing platform for effective detection of homocysteine in human serum.

It is widely known that homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with the pathogenesis of many clinical diseases, and its quantitative detection can help early treatment of related diseases. The selection of materials with excellent properties is important for the construction of electrochemical sensing platforms and quantitative detection of Hcy. In this study, two nanocomposites, Au nanoparticles/hollow carbon spheres (AuNPs@HCS) and Au nanoparticles/solid carbon spheres (AuNPs@SCS), were prepared first.

Intranasal delivery of macrophage cell membrane cloaked biomimetic drug-nanoparticle system attenuates acute lung injury.

Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a life-threatening disease, is typically induced by uncontrolled inflammatory responses and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Astaxanthin (Ast) is known for its powerful natural antioxidant properties, showcasing excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. However, its poor water solubility and bioavailability significantly limit its efficacy.