Exploiting Spatial Ionic Dynamics in Solid-State Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Multi-Tactile Sensing and Processing.

The human nervous system inspires the next generation of sensory and communication systems for robotics, human-machine interfaces (HMIs), biomedical applications, and artificial intelligence. Neuromorphic approaches address processing challenges; however, the vast number of sensors and their large-scale distribution complicate analog data manipulation. Conventional digital multiplexers are limited by complex circuit architecture and high supply voltage.

Artificial organic afferent nerves enable closed-loop tactile feedback for intelligent robot.

The emulation of tactile sensory nerves to achieve advanced sensory functions in robotics with artificial intelligence is of great interest. However, such devices remain bulky and lack reliable competence to functionalize further synaptic devices with proprioceptive feedback. Here, we report an artificial organic afferent nerve with low operating bias (-0.

Tunable anti-ambipolar vertical bilayer organic electrochemical transistor enable neuromorphic retinal pathway.

Increasing demand for bio-interfaced human-machine interfaces propels the development of organic neuromorphic electronics with small form factors leveraging both ionic and electronic processes. Ion-based organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) showing anti-ambipolarity (OFF-ON-OFF states) reduce the complexity and size of bio-realistic Hodgkin-Huxley(HH) spiking circuits and logic circuits. However, limited stable anti-ambipolar organic materials prevent the design of integrated, tunable, and multifunctional neuromorphic and logic-based systems.

A Universal Biocompatible and Multifunctional Solid Electrolyte in p-Type and n-Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Complementary Circuits and Bioelectronic Interfaces.

The development of soft and flexible devices for collection of bioelectrical signals is gaining momentum for wearable and implantable applications. Among these devices, organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) stand out due to their low operating voltage and large signal amplification capable of transducing weak biological signals. While liquid electrolytes have demonstrated efficacy in OECTs, they limit its operating temperature and pose challenges for electronic packaging due to potential leakage.

Multiscale engineering of brain organoids for disease modeling.

Brain organoids hold great potential for modeling human brain development and pathogenesis. They recapitulate certain aspects of the transcriptional trajectory, cellular diversity, tissue architecture and functions of the developing brain. In this review, we explore the engineering strategies to control the molecular-, cellular- and tissue-level inputs to achieve high-fidelity brain organoids.

Stable n-Type Perylene Derivative Ladder Polymer with Antiambipolarity for Electrically Reconfigurable Organic Logic Gates.

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are one of the promising building blocks to realize next-generation bioelectronics. To date, however, the performance and signal processing capabilities of these devices remain limited by their stability and speed. Herein, the authors demonstrate stable and fast n-type organic electrochemical transistors based on a side-chain-free ladder polymer, poly(benzimidazoanthradiisoquinolinedione).

Editorial: Focus on green nanomaterials for a sustainable internet of things.

In the dynamic landscape of the Internet of Things (IoT), where smart devices are reshaping our world, nanomaterials can play a pivotal role in ensuring the IoT's sustainability. These materials are poised to redefine the development of smart devices, not only enabling cost-effective fabrication but also unlocking novel functionalities. As the IoT is set to encompass an astounding number of interconnected devices, the demand for environmentally friendly nanomaterials takes center stage.

Producing Metal Powder from Machining Chips Using Ball Milling Process: A Review.

In the pursuit of achieving zero emissions, exploring the concept of recycling metal waste from industries and workshops (i.e., waste-free) is essential.

Scalp psoriasis and Dermatology Life Quality Index: A retrospective study based on 12-year data from the Malaysian Psoriasis Registry.

Introduction: Psoriasis affects approximately 2-3% of the population worldwide, although the overall prevalence in Asia is <0.5%. Scalp psoriasis is a common initial presentation of psoriasis, which affects almost 80% of patients with psoriasis.

TiCT MXene-Polymeric Strain Sensor with Huge Gauge Factor for Body Movement Detection.

In this work, a composite strain sensor is fabricated by synthesizing MXene and deposition of polypyrrole on top of the flexible electrospun PVDF nanofibers. The fabricated sensor exhibits a conductive network constructed with MXene and polypyrrole of microcracks network structure, demonstrating its strain sensing properties. The presence of these microcracks serves as mechanical weak points, which leads to sensitivity enhancement, while the electrospun fiber substrate act as a cushion for strain loading under large deformations.

All-Polymer Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Balanced Ionic and Electronic Transport.

The rapid development of organic electrochemical transistor (OECTs)-based circuits brings new opportunities for next-generation integrated bioelectronics. The all-polymer bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) offers an attractive, inexpensive alternative to achieve efficient ambipolar OECTs, and building blocks of logic circuits constructed from them, but have not been investigated to date. Here, the first all-polymer BHJ-based OECTs are reported, consisting of a blend of new p-type ladder conjugated polymer and a state-of-the-art n-type ladder polymer.

Biocompatible Ionic Liquids in High-Performing Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Ion Detection and Electrophysiological Monitoring.

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have recently attracted attention due to their high transconductance and low operating voltage, which makes them ideal for a wide range of biosensing applications. Poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:poly-4-styrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is a typical material used as the active channel layer in OECTs. Pristine PEDOT:PSS has poor electrical conductivity, and additives are typically introduced to improve its conductivity and OECT performance.

A systematic review of the feasibility and safety of day case nasal and/or palatopharyngeal surgery in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.

Introduction: Recent guidelines suggest obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is not an absolute contraindication for same day discharge following surgery. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the feasibility and safety of day case nasal and/or palatopharyngeal surgery in patients with OSA.

Methods: We performed a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane library.

Reference equations for evaluation of spirometry function tests in South Asia, and among South Asians living in other countries.

Background: There are few data to support accurate interpretation of spirometry data in South Asia, a major global region with a high reported burden of chronic respiratory disease.

Method: We measured lung function in 7453 healthy men and women aged ≥18 years, from Bangladesh, North India, South India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, as part of the South Asia Biobank study. First, we assessed the accuracy of existing equations for predicting normal forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) and FEV/FVC ratio.

Crown ether enabled enhancement of ionic-electronic properties of PEDOT:PSS.

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) based organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have proven to be one of the most versatile platforms for various applications including bioelectronics, neuromorphic computing and soft robotics. The use of PEDOT:PSS for OECTs originates from its ample mixed ionic-electronic conductivity, which in turn depends on the microscale phase separation and morphology of the polymer. Thus, modulation of the microstructure of PEDOT:PSS film enables us to tune the operation and device characteristics of the resulting OECT.

Day-case discharge criteria and safety of children undergoing adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy for obstructive symptoms-A systematic review.

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common indication for adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy in children. Traditional practice involves overnight admission to monitor for respiratory complications. However, there is a shift towards same-day discharge in selected patients.

A Highly Conducting Polymer for Self-Healable, Printable, and Stretchable Organic Electrochemical Transistor Arrays and Near Hysteresis-Free Soft Tactile Sensors.

A stretchable and self-healable conductive material with high conductivity is critical to high-performance wearable electronics and integrated devices for applications where large mechanical deformation is involved. While there has been great progress in developing stretchable and self-healable conducting materials, it remains challenging to concurrently maintain and recover such functionalities before and after healing. Here, a highly stretchable and autonomic self-healable conducting film consisting of a conducting polymer (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), PEDOT:PSS) and a soft-polymer (poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid), PAAMPSA) is reported.

Polaron Delocalization Dependence of the Conductivity and the Seebeck Coefficient in Doped Conjugated Polymers.

Conjugated polymers are promising materials for thermoelectrics as they offer good performances at near ambient temperatures. The current focus on polymer thermoelectric research mainly targets a higher power factor (PF; a product of the conductivity and square of the Seebeck coefficient) through improving the charge mobility. This is usually accomplished structural modification in conjugated polymers using different processing techniques and doping.

Comparing data driven and physics inspired models for hopping transport in organic field effect transistors.

The past few decades have seen an uptick in the scope and range of device applications of organic semiconductors, such as organic field-effect transistors, organic photovoltaics and light-emitting diodes. Several researchers have studied electrical transport in these materials and proposed physical models to describe charge transport with different material parameters, with most disordered semiconductors exhibiting hopping transport. However, there exists a lack of a consensus among the different models to describe hopping transport accurately and uniformly.

Nanocellulose-Based Materials for Water Treatment: Adsorption, Photocatalytic Degradation, Disinfection, Antifouling, and Nanofiltration.

Nanocelluloses are promising bio-nano-materials for use as water treatment materials in environmental protection and remediation. Over the past decades, they have been integrated via novel nanoengineering approaches for water treatment processes. This review aims at giving an overview of nanocellulose requirements concerning emerging nanotechnologies of waster treatments and purification, i.

Operando Direct Observation of Filament Formation in Resistive Switching Devices Enabled by a Topological Transformation Molecule.

Conductive filaments (CFs) play a critical role in the mechanism of resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) devices. However, in situ detection and visualization of the precise location of CFs are still key challenges. We demonstrate for the first time the use of a π-conjugated molecule which can transform between its twisted and planar states upon localized Joule heating generated within filament regions, thus reflecting the locations of the underlying CFs.

Organic Electrochemical Transistors for In Vivo Bioelectronics.

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are presently a focus of intense research and hold great potential in expanding the horizons of the bioelectronics industry. The notable characteristics of OECTs, including their electrolyte-gating, which offers intimate interfacing with biological environments, and aqueous stability, make them particularly suitable to be operated within a living organism (in vivo). Unlike the existing in vivo bioelectronic devices, mostly based on rigid metal electrodes, OECTs form a soft mechanical contact with the biological milieu and ensure a high signal-to-noise ratio because of their powerful amplification capability.

Molecularly engineered truncated tissue factor with therapeutic aptamers for tumor-targeted delivery and vascular infarction.

Selective occlusion of tumor vasculature has proven to be an effective strategy for cancer therapy. Among vascular coagulation agents, the extracellular domain of coagulation-inducing protein tissue factor, truncated tissue factor (tTF), is the most widely used. Since the truncated protein exhibits no coagulation activity and is rapidly cleared in the circulation, free tTF cannot be used for cancer treatment on its own but must be combined with other moieties.

Malic enzyme 2 connects the Krebs cycle intermediate fumarate to mitochondrial biogenesis.

Mitochondria have an independent genome (mtDNA) and protein synthesis machinery that coordinately activate for mitochondrial generation. Here, we report that the Krebs cycle intermediate fumarate links metabolism to mitobiogenesis through binding to malic enzyme 2 (ME2). Mechanistically, fumarate binds ME2 with two complementary consequences.

Novel amphiphilic corannulene additive for moisture-resistant perovskite solar cells.

The addition of amphiphilic triethylene glycol based corannulene molecules provides multiple Lewis basic sites that assist in perovskite grain growth, and improve the charge carrier collection and moisture resistance of perovskite solar cells. This study paves the way for utilization of more molecules from corannulene families in perovskite research.