A paradigm shift from office to home-based blood pressure measurement approaches in kidney transplant recipients.

Purpose Of Review: The unattended blood pressure (BP) readings from home blood pressure (HBP) monitoring should provide more accurate BP readings than attended BP obtained from office blood pressure (OBP). Here, we review evidence supporting the clinical utility of HBP and automatic remote monitoring of blood pressure (ARM-BP) in kidney transplant recipients (KTR).

Recent Findings: BP from 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (24-h ABPM) is higher than but better associated with kidney and cardiovascular outcomes compared to OBP and HBP.

Variants in the mitochondrial genome sequence of Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) infected with Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus in oil palm and coconut plantations.

The CRB (coconut rhinoceros beetle) haplotype was classified into CRB-S and CRB-G, based on the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the mitochondrial cox1 gene. Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are the most widely used genetic resources for molecular evolution, phylogenetics, and population genetics in relation to insects. This study presents the mitogenome CRB-G and CRB-S which were collected in Johor, Malaysia.

Coronary Artery Anomalies - State of the Art Review.

Coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) comprise a wide spectrum of anatomic entities, with diverse clinical phenotypes. We present a case of an anomalous right coronary artery arising from the left aortic sinus with an interarterial course, a potentially fatal condition that can precipitate ischemia and sudden cardiac death. CAAs are increasingly detected in adults, mostly as incidental findings in the course of cardiac evaluation.

A randomized study to compare oral potassium binders in the treatment of acute hyperkalemia.

Background: The KBindER (K Binders in Emergency Room and hospitalized patients) clinical trial is the first head-to-head evaluation of oral potassium binders (cation-exchange resins) for acute hyperkalemia therapy.

Methods: Emergency room and hospitalized patients with a blood potassium level ≥ 5.5 mEq/L are randomized to one of four study groups: potassium binder drug (sodium polystyrene sulfonate, patiromer, or sodium zirconium cyclosilicate) or nonspecific laxative (polyethylene glycol).

Tetrahydrocurcumin Add-On therapy to losartan in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy decreases blood pressure and markers of kidney injury.

Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), a principal metabolite of curcumin, was tested in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. THC was administered via daily oral gavage with the lipid carrier polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) as add-on therapy to losartan (angiotensin receptor blocker) to examine effects on kidney oxidative stress and fibrosis. A combination of unilateral nephrectomy, high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin was used to induce diabetic nephropathy in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Complete Genome Sequences of Oryctes rhinoceros Strains Detected in Haplotype-G Oryctes rhinoceros from Johor, Malaysia.

Two members of the species Oryctes rhinoceros (OrNV) were detected in haplotype G beetles collected from an oil palm plantation in Kluang and a wild coconut tree in Batu Pahat (Johor, Malaysia). OrNV strain Kluang comprised 125,794 bp, encoding 125 open reading frames (ORFs), while OrNV strain Batu Pahat comprised 124,925 bp, encoding 126 ORFs.

New insights into cognitive decline in chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to be associated with cognitive impairment, but the mechanisms that underlie this kidney–brain connection are unclear. A recent study provides evidence that CKD is an independent risk factor for cognitive decline due to cerebral small vessel disease.

Analysis of Equity Disputes in Listed Companies With Dispersed Ownership Structure and Protection of Small and Medium Shareholders' Interests.

This paper selected as the case to study the governance problems of and the protection of the interests of small and medium shareholders under the situation of equity disputes. At the same time, the study further explored the advantages and disadvantages of the dispersed ownership structure, the long-term impact on the company's development and the choice of the involved corporate governance methods under the current Chinese capital market conditions. This paper adopted the event research method and selected the period from June 2015 to June 2017 (24 months) as the observation period to analyze the market performance impact of in the equity disputes.

Artificial Intelligence Assessment of Renal Scarring (AIRS Study).

Background: The goal of the Artificial Intelligence in Renal Scarring (AIRS) study is to develop machine learning tools for noninvasive quantification of kidney fibrosis from imaging scans.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who had one or more abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans within 6 months of a kidney biopsy. The final cohort encompassed 152 CT scans from 92 patients, which included images of 300 native kidneys and 76 transplant kidneys.

Dialysis Initiation in Patients With Chronic Coronary Disease and Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in ISCHEMIA-CKD.

Background In participants with concomitant chronic coronary disease and advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), the effect of treatment strategies on the timing of dialysis initiation is not well characterized. Methods and Results In ISCHEMIA-CKD (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness With Medical and Invasive Approaches-Chronic Kidney Disease), 777 participants with advanced CKD and moderate or severe ischemia were randomized to either an initial invasive or conservative management strategy. Herein, we compare the proportion of randomized participants with non-dialysis-requiring CKD at baseline (n=362) who initiated dialysis and compare the time to dialysis initiation between invasive versus conservative management arms.

Comparative Effectiveness of Dialysis Modality on Laboratory Parameters of Mineral Metabolism.

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) are prevalent in patients undergoing maintenance dialysis. Yet, there are limited and mixed evidence on the effects of different dialysis modalities involving longer treatment times or higher frequencies on CKD-MBD markers.

Methods: This cohort study used data from 132,523 incident dialysis patients treated with any of the following modalities: conventional thrice-weekly in-center hemodialysis, nocturnal in-center hemodialysis (NICHD), home hemodialysis (HHD), or peritoneal dialysis (PD) from 2007 to 2011.

Novel intestinal dialysis interventions and microbiome modulation to control uremia.

Purpose Of Review: In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the gut plays a key role in the homeostasis of fluid and electrolyte balance and the production and disposal of uremic toxins. This review summarizes the current evidence on the gut-targeted interventions to control uremia, fluid overload, hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia in CKD.

Recent Findings: Studies have emerged that support the concept of intestinal dialysis, such as colonic perfusion with a Malone antegrade continence enema stoma or colonic irrigation with a rectal catheter, as a promising adjuvant approach to control uremia in CKD, although most findings are preliminary.

Kidney Function Is Not Related to Brain Amyloid Burden on PET Imaging in The 90+ Study Cohort.

Cognitive decline is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD). While the evidence of vascular cognitive impairment in this population is robust, the role of Alzheimer's pathology is unknown. We evaluated serum cystatin C-estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), brain amyloid-β positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and cognitive function in 166 participants from The 90+ Study.

Intercostal Cryo Nerve Block in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: The Prospective Randomized FROST Trial.

Introduction: Intercostal cryo nerve block has been shown to enhance pulmonary function recovery and pain management in post-thoracotomy procedures. However, its benefit have never been demonstrated in minimal invasive thoracotomy heart valve surgery (Mini-HVS). The purpose of the study was to determine whether intraoperative intercostal cryo nerve block in conjunction with standard of care (collectively referred to hereafter as CryoNB) provided superior analgesic efficacy in patients undergoing Mini-HVS compared to standard-of-care (SOC).

Insights Into the Mechanisms of Brain Endothelial Erythrophagocytosis.

The endothelial cells which form the inner cellular lining of the vasculature can act as non-professional phagocytes to ingest and remove emboli and aged/injured red blood cells (RBCs) from circulation. We previously demonstrated an erythrophagocytic phenotype of the brain endothelium for oxidatively stressed RBCs with subsequent migration of iron-rich RBCs and RBC degradation products across the brain endothelium , in the absence of brain endothelium disruption. However, the mechanisms contributing to brain endothelial erythrophagocytosis are not well defined, and herein we elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying brain endothelial erythrophagocytosis.

Diabetes and the Gut Microbiome.

Gut dysbiosis in diabetes mellitus is associated with decreased short-chain fatty acids and epithelial barrier disruption. Microbial-derived toxins move across the "leaky gut" and incur systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. In children, gut dysbiosis has been associated with risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Spectroscopic and deep learning-based approaches to identify and quantify cerebral microhemorrhages.

Cerebral microhemorrhages (CMHs) are associated with cerebrovascular disease, cognitive impairment, and normal aging. One method to study CMHs is to analyze histological sections (5-40 μm) stained with Prussian blue. Currently, users manually and subjectively identify and quantify Prussian blue-stained regions of interest, which is prone to inter-individual variability and can lead to significant delays in data analysis.

Interaction between and Its Host, the Subterranean Termite during the Infection Process.

(Metchnikoff) Sorokin, a pathogenic fungus to insects, infects the subterranean termite, Holmgren, a devastating pest of plantation trees in the tropics. Electron microscopy and proteomics were used to investigate the infection and developmental process of in . Fungal infection was initiated by germ tube penetration through the host's cuticle as observed at 6 h post-inoculation (PI), after which it elongated into the host's integumental tissue.

Cardiovascular and Bleeding Outcomes with Anticoagulants across Kidney Disease Stages: Analysis of a National US Cohort.

Background: While direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are considered safe among patients without chronic kidney disease (CKD), the evidence is conflicting as to whether they are also safe in the CKD and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) population. In this observational cohort study, we examined whether DOACs are a safe alternative to warfarin across CKD stages for a variety of anticoagulation indications.

Methods: Individuals on DOACs or warfarin were identified from OptumLabs® Data Warehouse (OLDW), a longitudinal dataset with de-identified administrative claims, from 2010 to 2017.

Cerebral Blood Flow in Chronic Kidney Disease.

The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment increases with age and is further exacerbated by chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is associated with (1) mild cognitive impairment, (2) impaired endothelial function, (3) impaired blood-brain barrier, (4) increased cerebral microhemorrhage burden, (5) increased cerebral blood flow (CBF), (6) impaired cerebral autoregulation, (7) impaired cerebrovascular reactivity, and (8) increased arterial stiffness. We report preliminary findings from our group that demonstrate altered cerebrovascular reactivity in a mouse model of CKD-associated vascular calcification.