The Post-Kelly Strategy: A Negative Feedback Model of Reallocating Ant Foragers.

In ant foraging, the manner of group-mass recruitment demonstrates remarkable adaptability between tandem running and mass recruitment. In contrast to tandem running, where a leader recruits only one worker, the first phase of group-mass recruitment is characterized by strong invitations from leaders that result in a large group of recruits leaving the nest together in a rush, thereby accelerating the process of recruiting towards discovered resources. Furthermore, unlike sole mass recruitment, the influence of leaders during this first phase enhances the accuracy of information about food qualities and ensures a more rational allocation of recruits compared to simply following a dominant pheromone trail.

D-mannose reduces oxidative stress, inhibits inflammation, and increases treg cell proportions in mice with ulcerative colitis.

Background: Regulatory T (Treg) cells is required to dampen immune responses against intestinal microbiota, which aid in a healthy body to promise that the resident gut microbiota should not attract the attention of the immune system. Inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be induced if the immune system fails to ignore the resident gut microbiota and targets them instead. D-mannose, a common monosaccharide in nature, has been shown to ameliorate multiple autoimmune diseases.

Anti-inflammatory dressing based on hyaluronic acid and hydroxyethyl starch for wound healing.

Eliminating persistent inflammation and choosing dressings that provide the best healing environment is key to promoting wound healing. Dynamic and reversible hydrogels have attracted much attention because of their capacity to adapt to irregular wound surfaces. Herein, oxidized hydroxyethyl starch (OHES) and hyaluronic acid (HA-ADH) were crosslinked via the dynamic acylhydrazone bond to form an anti-inflammatory function hydrogel (HA-ADH/OHES@XT) that could release xanthatin (XT) slowly.

Maturation of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes: limitations and challenges from metabolic aspects.

Acute coronary syndromes, such as myocardial infarction (MI), lack effective therapies beyond heart transplantation, which is often hindered by donor scarcity and postoperative complications. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer the possibility of myocardial regeneration by differentiating into cardiomyocytes. However, hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-cardiomyocytes) exhibit fetal-like calcium flux and energy metabolism, which inhibits their engraftment.

Tanshinone IIA Loaded Inhaled Polymer Nanoparticles Alleviate Established Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal respiratory disease characterized by chronic, progressive scarring of the lung parenchyma, leading to an irreversible decline in lung function. Apart from supportive care, there is currently no specific treatment available to reverse the disease. Based on the fact that tanshinone IIA (TAN) had an effect on protecting against TGF-β1-induced fibrosis through the inhibition of Smad and non-Smad signal pathways to avoid myofibroblasts activation, this study reported the development of the inhalable tanshinone IIA-loaded chitosan-oligosaccharides-coated poly(lactic--glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (CPN@TAN) for enhancing the pulmonary delivery of tanshinone IIA to treat pulmonary fibrosis.

High-entropy superparaelectrics with locally diverse ferroic distortion for high-capacitive energy storage.

Superparaelectrics are considered promising candidate materials for achieving superior energy storage capabilities. However, due to the complicated local structural design, simultaneously achieving high recoverable energy density (W) and energy storage efficiency (η) under high electric fields remains a challenge in bulk superparaelectrics. Here, we propose utilizing entropy engineering to disrupt long-range ferroic orders into local polymorphic distortion disorder with multiple BO tilt types and diverse heterogeneous polarization configurations.

Theranostic Nanoplatform Based on Polydopamine-Coated Magnetic Mesoporous Silicon for Precise Cancer Triplex Nanotherapy and Multimodal Imaging.

Although targeted therapy has revolutionized oncotherapy, engineering a versatile oncotherapy nanoplatform integrating both diagnostics and therapeutics has always been an intractable challenge to overcome the limitations of monotherapy. Herein, a theranostics platform based on DI/MP-MB has successfully realized the fluorescence detection of disease marker miR-21 and the gene/photothermal/chemo triple synergetic cancer therapy, which can trace the tumor through photothermal and fluorescence dual-mode imaging and overcome the limitations of monotherapy to improve the treatment efficiency of tumors. DI/MP-MB was prepared by magnetic mesoporous silicon nanoparticles (M-MSNs) loaded with doxorubicin (Dox) and new indocyanine green (IR820), and subsequently coating polydopamine as a "gatekeeper", followed by the surface adsorbed with molecular beacons capable of targeting miR-21 for responsive imaging.

Fluorinated Naphthalene Diimides as Buried Electron Transport Materials Achieve Over 23% Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.

Naphthalene diimides (NDI) are widely serving as the skeleton to construct electron transport materials (ETMs) for optoelectronic devices. However, most of the reported NDI-based ETMs suffer from poor interfaces with the perovskite which deteriorates the carrier extraction and device stability. Here, a representative design concept for editing the peripheral groups of NDI molecules to achieve multifunctional properties is introduced.

3D-printed microrobots for biomedical applications.

Microrobots, which can perform tasks in difficult-to-reach parts of the human body under their own or external power supply, are potential tools for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, microsurgery, imaging and monitoring, tissue engineering, and sensors and actuators. Compared with traditional fabrication methods for microrobots, recent improvements in 3D printers enable them to print high-precision microrobots, breaking through the limitations of traditional micromanufacturing technologies that require high skills for operators and greatly shortening the design-to-production cycle. Here, this review first introduces typical 3D printing technologies used in microrobot manufacturing.

Toward a neurocircuit-based sequential transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment of pediatric bipolar II disorder.

Background: Abnormalities in large-scale neuronal networks-the frontoparietal central executive network (CEN)-are consistent findings in bipolar disorder and potential therapeutic targets for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

Objective: The present study aimed to assess the effects of CEN neurocircuit-based sequential TMS on the clinical symptoms and cognitive functions of adolescents with bipolar II disorder.

Methods: The study was a single-blinded, randomized, placebo-control trial.

Expression levels and clinical significance of serum miR-19a/CCL20 in patients with acute cerebral infarction.

Acute cerebral infarction (ACI) is a lethal disease whose early diagnosis is critical for treatment. microRNA (miR)-19a targets CC chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) in myocardial infarction. We investigated the expression patterns of serum miR-19a and CCL20 of ACI patients and assessed their clinical values.

A Survey on Nutrition Labeling for Sodium, Potassium, and Phosphorus of Packaged Food and Beverages.

Objectives: Nutrition labeling is important to guide patients with chronic kidney disease to make informed choices. This study aimed to evaluate the extent and accessibility of nutrition labeling for sodium, potassium, and phosphorus on food and beverage products in a supermarket.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a Malaysian supermarket.

NR4A1 transcriptionally regulates the differentiation of stem-like CD8 T cells in the tumor microenvironment.

CD8 T cells are rendered exhausted in tumor and chronic infection. Among heterogeneous exhausted T cells, a subpopulation of progenitor-like (Tpex) cells have been found important for long-term tumor or pathogen control and are also the main responders in immunotherapy. Using an RFP reporter mouse for the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1, originally characterized as critical in T cell dysfunction, we discover that the reporter is highly expressed in Tpex cells in tumor and chronic infection.

A target-triggered strand displacement-assisted target recycling based on carbon dots-based fluorescent probe and MSNs@PDA nanoparticles for miRNA amplified detection and fluorescence imaging.

A target-triggered strand displacement-assisted target recycling based on carbon dots-based fluorescent probe and mesoporous silica nanoparticles@polydopamine (MSNs@PDA) was established to detect miRNA. The surface of MSNs rich in mesopores was coated with a layer of PDA, which can adsorb and quench the fluorescence of single-stranded Fuel DNA with fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) modified at the end through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). After adding double-stranded DNA-gold nanoparticles (dsDNA-AuNPs) and target let-7a, it will trigger two toehold-mediated strand displacement reactions (TSDR), leading to the recovery of fluorescence and the recycling of target let-7a (excitation wavelength: 380 nm; emission wavelength: 458 nm).

The combined toxicity of polystyrene nano/micro-plastics and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) on HepG2 cells.

Combined toxicity is a critical concern during the risk assessment of environmental pollutants. Due to the characteristics of strong hydrophobicity and large specific surface area, microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have become potential carriers of organic pollutants that may pose a health risk to humans. The co-occurrence of organic pollutants and MPs would cause adverse effects on aquatic organism, while the information about combined toxicity induced by organophosphorus flame retardants and MPs on human cells was limited.

Sulforaphane decreases oxidative stress and inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis.

Excessive oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation are considered the main drivers of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and inhibition of inflammasomes ameliorates clinical symptoms and morphological manifestations of IBD. Herein, we examined the roles of NLRP3 activation in IBD and modulation of NLRP3 by sulforaphane (SFN), a compound with multiple pharmacological activities that is extracted from cruciferous plants. To simulate human IBD, we established a mouse colitis model by administering dextran sodium sulfate in the drinking water.

Custom-tailored hole transport layer using oxalic acid for high-quality tin-lead perovskites and efficient all-perovskite tandems.

All-perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs) have exhibited higher efficiencies than single-junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) but still suffer from the unsatisfactory performance of low-bandgap (LBG) tin-lead (Sn-Pb) subcells. The inherent properties of PEDOT:PSS are crucial to high-performance Sn-Pb perovskite films and devices; however, the underlying mechanism has not been fully explored and revealed. Here, we report a facile oxalic acid treatment of PEDOT:PSS (OA-PEDOT:PSS) to precisely regulate its work function and surface morphology.

3D-printed nanohydroxyapatite/methylacrylylated silk fibroin scaffold for repairing rat skull defects.

The repair of bone defects remains a major challenge in the clinic, and treatment requires bone grafts or bone replacement materials. Existing biomaterials have many limitations and cannot meet the various needs of clinical applications. To treat bone defects, we constructed a nanohydroxyapatite (nHA)/methylacrylylated silk fibroin (MASF) composite biological scaffold using photocurable 3D printing technology.

Ligand-free Pd-catalyzed highly selective arylation of activated and unactivated alkenes oxidative and reductive heck coupling.

In this work, an eco-friendly, green, efficient approach for oxidative and reductive Heck-Mizoroki (HM) reactions was developed, which offered acceptable yields from first-pass experiments. Mono-arylation was achieved without the use of ligands, directing groups, or prefunctionalized alkenes. Considering mild reaction conditions, good functional group compatibility, and great regioselectivity, the method can find broad applications in novel medicine and material development and discovery processes.

Class-Incremental Unsupervised Domain Adaptation via Pseudo-Label Distillation.

Class-Incremental Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (CI-UDA) requires the model can continually learn several steps containing unlabeled target domain samples, while the source-labeled dataset is available all the time. The key to tackling CI-UDA problem is to transfer domain-invariant knowledge from the source domain to the target domain, and preserve the knowledge of the previous steps in the continual adaptation process. However, existing methods introduce much biased source knowledge for the current step, causing negative transfer and unsatisfying performance.

Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (-)-Daphenylline.

A concise enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-daphenylline, a hexacyclic alkaloid with a unique benzene ring, was achieved in 14 steps. The synthesis commences with two chiral stereocenters, C2 and C18, readily installed via Carreira's Ir/amine dual-catalyzed allylation. The allylic bridgehead amine was rapidly prepared through Wickens' photoredox-catalyzed hydrocarboxylation of olefin and CuBr-catalyzed α-amination of ketone.

Robust Commonsense Reasoning Against Noisy Labels Using Adaptive Correction.

Commonsense reasoning based on knowledge graphs (KGs) is a challenging task that requires predicting complex questions over the described textual contexts and relevant knowledge about the world. However, current methods typically assume clean training scenarios with accurately labeled samples, which are often unrealistic. The training set can include mislabeled samples, and the robustness to label noises is essential for commonsense reasoning methods to be practical, but this problem remains largely unexplored.