Examining bystander intervention for peer depression and sociodemographic correlates among university students in Singapore.

Introduction: The Advancing Research To Eliminate Mental Illness Stigma (ARTEMIS) study evaluated the impact of an intervention developed and implemented in Singapore on attitudes towards depression in university students. We aimed to assess the likelihood of university students intervening when their peers suffer from depression, before and after the ARTEMIS intervention.

Methods: 390 students were recruited from a university in Singapore.

Impact of neonatal sepsis on neurocognitive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Sepsis is associated with neurocognitive impairment among preterm neonates but less is known about term neonates with sepsis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide an update of neurocognitive outcomes including cognitive delay, visual impairment, auditory impairment, and cerebral palsy, among neonates with sepsis.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL and Web of Science for eligible studies published between January 2011 and March 2023.

A qualitative enquiry on the impact of mental illness stigma on caregiving role and experiences in Singapore.

Introduction: Given that mental illness stigma is a common occurrence amongst people with mental illness and caregivers (CGs) can be a potential victim of stigma themselves, there is a need to examine caregivers' perspective on the phenomenon. This study is part of a larger study which aims to qualitatively examine the concept of mental illness stigma amongst different stakeholders in Singapore.

Methods: Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted amongst 21 informal caregivers to explore the experience of stigma encountered by them and their care recipients, and how it may implicate their caregiving experience.

Comparison of the neurobehavioural profile of early-preterm infants against term and late-preterm infants using the Hammersmith neonatal neurological examination.

Aim: To compare the neurobehavioural profile of early-preterm infants (<32 weeks gestation) at term-corrected age (39 -41 weeks) versus late-preterm and full-term infants at similar term gestational ages.

Methods: Early-preterm infants were assessed neurologically at term-corrected age using the Hammersmith neonatal neurological examination. The raw scores of the 34 Hammersmith neonatal neurological examination items were converted to optimality scores.

The perspectives of healthcare professionals in mental health settings on stigma and recovery - A qualitative inquiry.

Background: Mental health stigma is one of the most prominent barriers to recovery, and it is widely known that stigma may manifest differentially in different cultures. Healthcare professionals working closely with persons with mental illnesses (PMI) may provide important insights towards stigma that are otherwise unattainable from caregivers and consumers. However, there is a dearth of literature on healthcare professionals' perspectives on this topic.

Delays in Time-To-Antibiotics for Young Febrile Infants With Serious Bacterial Infections: A Prospective Single-Center Study.

Introduction: Fear of missed serious bacterial infections (SBIs) results in many febrile young infants receiving antibiotics. We aimed to compare the time to antibiotics between infants with SBIs and those without.

Materials And Methods: We recruited febrile infants ≤ 90 days old seen in the emergency department (ED) between December 2017 and April 2021.

Strategies to Reduce Mental Illness Stigma: Perspectives of People with Lived Experience and Caregivers.

Background: Reducing the stigma surrounding mental illness is a global public health priority. Traditionally, anti-stigma campaigns were led by mental health professionals/organisations and had an emphasis on increasing mental health literacy. More recently, it has been argued that people with lived experience have much to contribute in terms of extending and strengthening these efforts.

A Qualitative Exploration of the Views of Policymakers and Policy Advisors on the Impact of Mental Health Stigma on the Development and Implementation of Mental Health Policy in Singapore.

Few studies have examined the views of policy makers regarding the impact of mental health stigma on the development and implementation of mental health policies. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap by exploring policymakers' and policy advisors' perspectives regarding the impact of mental health stigma on the development and implementation of mental health programmes, strategies, and services in Singapore. In all 13 participants were recruited for the study comprising practicing policymakers, senior staff of organisations involved in implementing the various mental health programmes, and policy advisors.

Recognition of Depression and Help-Seeking Preference Among University Students in Singapore: An Evaluation of the Impact of Advancing Research to Eliminate Mental Illness Stigma an Education and Contact Intervention.

The SMHS 2016 revealed that young adults in Singapore had the highest 12-month prevalence of mental disorders, with depression being the most prevalent condition. Additionally, the study found that those with higher education were less likely to seek treatment. The recognition of mental illness and knowledge of where to seek help has been found to influence one's ability to seek timely psychological help.

Gender-contingent effects of leadership on loneliness.

This article builds from role congruity theory to develop and test a theoretical model about the gender-contingent experiences of loneliness for individuals taking on leadership roles. Across three complementary studies using diverse methods, occupying a leader role was associated with greater loneliness for women, but not for men. This effect was mediated by authenticity such that women experienced less authenticity when they occupied leader roles, but men did not.

Preliminary development of a bystander intervention scale for depression and the examination of socio-demographic correlates amongst Singapore university students.

Background: Despite peer involvement having a positive impact on help-seeking behavior, there is a lack of a scale quantifying the possibility of an individual intervening upon noticing peers who show signs of depression. The aims of this study were to (1) develop a bystander intervention scale for depression that assesses the likelihood of university students intervening when a peer shows signs of depression based on the theory of bystander intervention, (2) identify the underlying factors contributing to the behavior, and (3) explore the socio-demographic correlates of the scale.

Methods: The proposed scale, the Bystander Intervention Scale for Depression (BISD), is a 17-item self-reported questionnaire that was developed based on existing bystander intervention theory and inputs from mental health experts.

Advancing research to eliminate mental illness stigma: an interventional study to improve community attitudes towards depression among University students in Singapore.

Background: After decades of anti-stigma initiatives, the Advancing Research To Eliminate Mental Illness Stigma (ARTEMIS) intervention study is one of the first in Singapore to evaluate the effects of an anti-stigma intervention on attitudes towards depression in university students.

Methods: 390 university students from a local university in Singapore were voluntarily recruited for the study. The ARTEMIS intervention comprises an educational and social contact component, as well as a question and answer (Q&A) session with experts in the area of mental health.

The potential impact of an anti-stigma intervention on mental health help-seeking attitudes among university students.

Background: The reluctance of young adults to seek mental health treatment has been attributed to poor mental health literacy, stigma, preference for self-reliance and concerns about confidentiality. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential impact of an anti-stigma intervention that includes education about depression, information about help-seeking as well as contact with a person with lived experience, on help seeking attitudes.

Methods: A pre-post study design was employed.

Daily Encounters of Mental Illness Stigma and Individual Strategies to Reduce Stigma - Perspectives of People With Mental Illness.

Introduction: A qualitative evaluation of mental illness stigma experienced by people with mental illness (PMI) is currently lacking in Singapore. This study aims to employ qualitative methods to identify the common encounters of mental illness stigma experienced by PMI in Singapore and uncover their individual strategies and efforts to reduce mental illness stigma.

Methods: This study is part of a larger research project that explores the concept of mental illness stigma among different stakeholders in Singapore.

A Scoping Review on Cue Reactivity in Methamphetamine Use Disorder.

The experience of craving via exposure to drug-related cues often leads to relapse in drug users. This study consolidated existing empirical evidences of cue reactivity to methamphetamine to provide an overview of current literature and to inform the directions for future research. The best practice methodological framework for conducting scoping review by Arkey and O'Malley was adopted.

Mental illness stigma's reasons and determinants (MISReaD) among Singapore's lay public - a qualitative inquiry.

Background: Mental illnesses pose a significant burden worldwide. Furthermore, the treatment gap for mental disorders is large. A contributor to this treatment gap is the perceived stigma towards mental illness.

Causal beliefs of mental illness and its impact on help-seeking attitudes: a cross-sectional study among university students in Singapore.

Objectives: A considerable proportion of those who suffer from mental illnesses in Singapore do not seek any form of professional help. The reluctance to seek professional help could be due to misconceptions about the causes of mental illnesses. Research has shown that help-seeking attitudes can predict actual service use.

The effects of blue-light filtration on sleep and work outcomes.

In this article, we investigate the effects of blue-light filtration on broad attitudinal and behavioral outcomes (i.e. work engagement, organizational citizenship behavior, and counterproductive work behavior).

Advancing Research to Eliminate Mental Illness Stigma: The Design and Evaluation of a Single-Arm Intervention Among University Students in Singapore.

Background: Anti-stigma interventions for school and college students have been studied in several countries, but to the best of our knowledge, this has not been addressed in Singapore. The current study was designed to address this lacuna and aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an anti-stigma intervention focusing on depression among university students in Singapore.

Methods: A one-off intervention comprising education and personal contact with a person with lived experience of depression was carried out in nine consecutive sessions over 6 months (October 2018 to April 2019) among 390 university students.

Measurement properties of Pain Catastrophizing Scale in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Objectives: Pain catastrophizing impacts symptoms and outcomes for knee osteoarthritis (OA). We evaluated the internal consistency, content, construct and structure validity of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) in patients with knee OA.

Methods: We evaluated content validity of PCS via cognitive interviews.

Non-pharmacological interventions for methamphetamine use disorder: a systematic review.

Background: Methamphetamine (METH) use is on the rise globally, with the number of treatment seekers increasing exponentially across the globe. Evidence-based therapies are needed to meet rising treatment needs. This systematic review intends to appraise the existing evidence to identify effective non-pharmaceutical approaches for the treatment of METH use disorder.

Association between sleep quality and domains of quality of life amongst patients with first episode psychosis.

Background: There is a lack of studies exploring associations between sleep and quality of life (QOL) among patients with schizophrenia who have limited exposure to antipsychotics and are in the early stage of their illness. Our study investigates the association of poor sleep quality and its components with domains of QOL amongst patients with first episode psychosis (FEP).

Methods: Data was utilized from a longitudinal study that examined sleep, smoking and alcohol use amongst patients with FEP who were enrolled in the Early Psychosis Intervention Programme (EPIP).

Evaluation of Mobile Apps Targeted at Patients With Spondyloarthritis for Disease Monitoring: Systematic App Search.

Background: There are many apps developed for patients with spondyloarthritis in the market, but their purpose and quality are not objectively evaluated.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate existing publicly available, high-quality apps that use validated measurement instruments for monitoring spondyloarthritis disease activity.

Methods: We conducted a review of apps available on the Apple App Store and the Google Play Store based on a combination of keywords and inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interstellar dust. Evidence for interstellar origin of seven dust particles collected by the Stardust spacecraft.

Seven particles captured by the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector and returned to Earth for laboratory analysis have features consistent with an origin in the contemporary interstellar dust stream. More than 50 spacecraft debris particles were also identified. The interstellar dust candidates are readily distinguished from debris impacts on the basis of elemental composition and/or impact trajectory.

AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) enhances the therapeutic efficacy of sorafenib in mouse models of gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer is a deadly disease for which current therapeutic options are extremely limited. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors and platelet-derived growth factor receptors regulate gastric cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and tumor angiogenesis. In the present study, we report that sorafenib therapy effectively inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis in tumor xenografts.