Variants in the mitochondrial genome sequence of Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) infected with Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus in oil palm and coconut plantations.

The CRB (coconut rhinoceros beetle) haplotype was classified into CRB-S and CRB-G, based on the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the mitochondrial cox1 gene. Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are the most widely used genetic resources for molecular evolution, phylogenetics, and population genetics in relation to insects. This study presents the mitogenome CRB-G and CRB-S which were collected in Johor, Malaysia.

Complete Genome Sequences of Oryctes rhinoceros Strains Detected in Haplotype-G Oryctes rhinoceros from Johor, Malaysia.

Two members of the species Oryctes rhinoceros (OrNV) were detected in haplotype G beetles collected from an oil palm plantation in Kluang and a wild coconut tree in Batu Pahat (Johor, Malaysia). OrNV strain Kluang comprised 125,794 bp, encoding 125 open reading frames (ORFs), while OrNV strain Batu Pahat comprised 124,925 bp, encoding 126 ORFs.

Interaction between and Its Host, the Subterranean Termite during the Infection Process.

(Metchnikoff) Sorokin, a pathogenic fungus to insects, infects the subterranean termite, Holmgren, a devastating pest of plantation trees in the tropics. Electron microscopy and proteomics were used to investigate the infection and developmental process of in . Fungal infection was initiated by germ tube penetration through the host's cuticle as observed at 6 h post-inoculation (PI), after which it elongated into the host's integumental tissue.

Biodegradation of palm kernel cake by cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacterial cultures through solid state fermentation.

Four cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacterial cultures were purchased from the Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Culture (DSMZ) and the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Two experiments were conducted; the objective of the first experiment was to determine the optimum time period required for solid state fermentation (SSF) of palm kernel cake (PKC), whereas the objective of the second experiment was to investigate the effect of combinations of these cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacteria on the nutritive quality of the PKC. In the first experiment, the SSF was lasted for 12 days with inoculum size of 10% (v/w) on different PKC to moisture ratios.

Characterization of cellulolytic bacterial cultures grown in different substrates.

Nine aerobic cellulolytic bacterial cultures were obtained from the Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Culture (DSMZ) and the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). The objectives of this study were to characterize the cellulolytic bacteria and to determine the optimum moisture ratio required for solid state fermentation (SSF) of palm kernel cake (PKC). The bacteria cultures were grown on reconstituted nutrient broth, incubated at 30°C and agitated at 200 rpm.

Genetic relatedness of low solitary nests of Apis dorsata from Marang, Terengganu, Malaysia.

Knowledge on the population of genetic structure and ecological behaviour of Apis dorsata from Peninsular Malaysia is needed for effective management and conservation of this species since unsustainable whole solitary low nest cutting for product harvesting is the current common practice here. The analysis of 15 single locus DNA microsatellite markers on samples from 20 solitary nests of A. dorsata showed that while these markers were polymorphic, high intracolonial relatedness existed.

Genomic sequencing and analyses of Lymantria xylina multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus.

Background: Outbreaks of the casuarina moth, Lymantria xylina Swinehoe (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), which is a very important forest pest in Taiwan, have occurred every five to 10 years. This moth has expanded its range of host plants to include more than 65 species of broadleaf trees. LyxyMNPV (L.