Lysosome restoration to activate podocyte autophagy: a new therapeutic strategy for diabetic kidney disease.

Autophagy, the intracellular lysosomal degradation process plays a pivotal role in podocyte homeostasis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Lysosomal function, autophagic activity, and their actions were investigated in vitro and in vivo. We found that LC3-II- and p62-positive vacuoles accumulated in podocytes of patients with DKD.

Influence of Feeding Type and Infection on the Gut Microbiota of Workers.

The gut microbiota plays an essential role in the health of bees. To elucidate the effect of feed and Nosema ceranae infection on the gut microbiota of honey bee (Apis cerana), we used 16S rRNA sequencing to survey the gut microbiota of honey bee workers fed with sugar water or beebread and inoculated with or without N. ceranae.

p62 links the autophagy pathway and the ubiqutin-proteasome system upon ubiquitinated protein degradation.

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are two distinct and interacting proteolytic systems. They play critical roles in cell survival under normal conditions and during stress. An increasing body of evidence indicates that ubiquitinated cargoes are important markers of degradation.