[Progress on chemical constituents and quality control of Bovis Calculus and its substitutes].

Bovis Calculus, a traditional medicine with the role of clearing away heat and detoxification, extinguishing wind to arrest convulsions, is often used for brain-cerebrovascular diseases. However, the quality control of Bovis Calculus and its substitutes has attracted much attention due to the scarcity of resources and limitations of use. Based on the evolution of the use of substitutes and the chemical composition as the entry point, this article reviews the quality control methods from the following three aspects.

Advancements in calixarene-protected titanium-oxo clusters: from structural assembly to catalytic functionality.

This review explores calixarenes, a prominent family of third-generation supramolecules celebrated for their distinct hollow, cavity-shaped structures. These macrocycles are intricately assembled by linking multiple phenolic units orthogonally through methylene (-CH-), sulfur (-S-), or sulfonyl (-SO-) bridges. This structural framework plays a pivotal role in the intricate assembly of nanoclusters, significantly advancing the field of cluster chemistry.

Ag incorporation a Zr-anchored metalloligand: fine-tuning catalytic Ag sites in Zr/Ag bimetallic clusters for enhanced eCORR-to-CO activity.

Attaining meticulous dominion over the binding milieu of catalytic metal sites remains an indispensable pursuit to tailor product selectivity and elevate catalytic activity. By harnessing the distinctive attributes of a Zr-anchored thiacalix[4]arene (TC4A) metalloligand, we have pioneered a methodology for incorporating catalytic Ag sites, resulting in the first Zr-Ag bimetallic cluster, ZrAg, which unveils a dualistic configuration embodying twin {ZrAg(TC4A)} substructures linked by an {AgSal} moiety. This cluster unveils a trinity of discrete Ag sites: a pair ensconced within {ZrAg(TC4A)} subunits and one located between two units.

Analysis of gut microbiota of ladybug beetle (Harmonia axyridis) after feeding on different artificial diets.

Background: Harmonia axyridis is an effective natural enemy insect to a variety of phloem-sucking pests and Lepidopteran larvae, such as aphids, scabies, and phylloxera, while its industrial production is limited due to unmature artificial diet. Insect intestinal microbiota affect host development and reproduction. The aim of this study is to understand intestinal microbiota composition of H.

Atomically accurate site-specific ligand tailoring of highly acid- and alkali-resistant Ti(iv)-based metallamacrocycle for enhanced CO photoreduction.

Skillfully engineering surface ligands at specific sites within robust clusters presents both a formidable challenge and a captivating opportunity. Herein we unveil an unprecedented titanium-oxo cluster: a calix[8]arene-stabilized metallamacrocycle (TiL), uniquely crafted through the fusion of four "core-shell" {Ti@(TBC[8])(L)} subunits with four oxalate moieties. Notably, this cluster showcases an exceptional level of chemical stability, retaining its crystalline integrity even when immersed in highly concentrated acid (1 M HNO) and alkali (20 M NaOH).

Bi-directional geometric constraints in the construction of giant dual-rim nanorings.

In the field of metallo-supramolecular assemblies, supramolecular macrocycles have attracted considerable attention due to their guest recognition and catalytic properties. Herein, we report a novel strategy for the construction of giant hollow macrocyclic structures using a bi-directional geometric constraint strategy. We investigated the structural design of two terpyridine-based tetratopic organic ligands, whose inner and outer rims have different angles.

Atomically accurate structural tailoring of thiacalix[4]arene-protected copper(II)-based metallamacrocycles.

Accurate manipulation of ligands at specific sites in robust clusters is attractive but difficult, especially for those ligands that coordinate in intricate binding patterns. By linking the shuttlecock-like {Cu(μ-Cl)TC4A} motif and the phenylphosphate (PhPO) ligand, we elaborately design and synthesize two Cu(II)-thiacalix[4]arene metallamacrocycles (MMCs), namely CuL and CuL, which have regular triangular and quadrilateral topologies, respectively. While keeping the core intact, the Cl and PhPO in those two MMCs, which coordinated in a μ-bridging fashion, can be accurately substituted with salicylate ligands.

Complete Genome Sequence of Streptomyces sp. HP-A2021, a Promising Bacterium for Natural Product Discovery.

Streptomyces are one of the most prolific sources of bioactive and structurally diverse secondary metabolites for natural product drug discovery. Genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis revealed that the genomes of Streptomyces harbor a wealth of cryptic secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters that could encode novel compounds. In this work, a genome mining approach was employed to investigate the biosynthetic potential of Streptomyces sp.

Necroptosis plays a crucial role in the exacerbation of retinal injury after blunt ocular trauma.

Retinal injury after blunt ocular trauma may directly affect prognosis and lead to vision loss. To investigate the pathological changes and molecular mechanisms involved in retinal injury after blunt ocular trauma, we established a weight drop injury model of blunt ocular trauma in male Beagle dogs. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, and TUNEL assays were performed to investigate retinal injury within 14 days after blunt ocular trauma.

Heterometallic Polyoxotitanium Clusters as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting.

Incorporating heterometal into titanium-oxygen clusters (TOCs) is an effective way to improve its catalytic activity. Herein, we synthesize three novel heterometallic TOCs with the formula of [TiCuO(Dmg)(OAc)(PrO)][HTiCuO(Dmg)(OAc)(PrO)] (), [TiCuO(Dmg)(OAc)(PrO)] (), and [TiCoO(Dmg)(Pdc)(PrO)Cl] (, DmgH = dimethylglyoxime; PdcH = pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid) using dimethylglyoxime and different carboxylates as the synergistic ligands. By depositing the clusters and on carbon cloth as electrodes, we investigated the electrocatalytic performance of TOCs for full water splitting for the first time.

Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colon cancer progression by changing the mucosal microbiota and colon transcriptome in a mouse model.

Background: () has long been known to cause opportunistic infections and has recently been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC), which has attracted broad attention. However, the mechanism by which it is involved in CRC development is not fully understood.

Aim: To explore its potential causative role in CRC development, we evaluated the colon pathology, mucosa barrier, colon microbiota and host transcriptome profile after infection in an azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium salt (AOM/DSS) mouse model.

An ultrastable Ti-based metallocalixarene nanocage cluster with photocatalytic amine oxidation activity.

Polyhedral metallocalixarene nanocage clusters based on pure Ti(IV) ions are to our knowledge unknown hitherto. Herein we report the first Ti(IV)-based metallocalixarene nanocage cluster by assembling a [TiO] cage with six -butylcalix[4]arene molecules. Notably, the cluster exhibits extraordinary stability in high-concentration acid/alkali solutions and can act as a stable photocatalyst to catalyze the oxidation of ammonia to imines.

Frequency cumulative effect of subthreshold energy laser-activated remote phosphors irradiation on visual function in guinea pigs.

Aim: To explore the effects of laser-activated remote phosphors (LARP) on visual function in guinea pigs.

Methods: Electroretinogram (ERG) of guinea pigs were observed after LARP irradiation at different frequencies and irradiation times. We evaluated the expression of rhodopsin, β-catenin, connexin36, calretinin, and calbindin in the retina of guinea pigs and measured the density of photoreceptor cells after high-frequency LARP irradiation.

Self-Assembly of Chiral Ferrocene-Functionalized Polyoxotitanium Clusters for Photocatalytic Selective Sulfide Oxidation.

Here, we systematically studied the self-assembly behavior of chiral polyoxytitanium clusters for the first time. Through the cooperative assembly of ferrocenecarboxylic acid and ketoxime ligands, we successfully incorporated the planar chirality of ferrocene (Fc) into the layered {Ti} building blocks. The resulting {TiFc} clusters can be used as structural units to assemble into large ordered structures in various ways; either a pair of {TiFc} enantiomers are bridged by organic adhesive to form sandwich structures or two homochiral {TiFc} units participate in the assembly to form the large clusters.

Metal-Directed Self-Assembly of {TiL} Cluster-Based Coordination Polymers with Enhanced Photocatalytic Alcohol Oxidation Activity.

Cooperative assembly of the neutral cluster {TiO(OEt)L} (L = pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid) with different metal units of Mn(NO), CuCl, Zn(OEt), Cd(NO), Ce(NO), Lu(NO), and Lu(NO)(OEt), or the [CuI] cluster, generates a family of titanium-oxygen cluster (TOC)-based coordination polymers. These one-dimensional (1D) linear structures contain the same {TiL} cluster but with variable bridging metal units. The regulation of the heterometal not only affects the chain geometries of the {MTi} but also affects the way the 1D chains are stacked in the crystal lattice.

Therapeutic effect of a traditional Chinese medicine formulation on experimental choroidal neovascularization in mouse.

Aim: To investigate therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine formulations, Hexuemingmu (HXMM) on laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and follow-up effect in mice.

Methods: C57BL/6 mice of 8-week-old were used and CNV was induced with 577 nm laser photocoagulation. Animals were randomly divided into groups and different doses of HXMM were administered daily.

Retinal neovascularization induced by mutant gene inhibited in an inherited retinitis pigmentosa mouse model: an study.

Aim: To explore whether the retinal neovascularization (NV) in a genetic mutant mice model could be ameliorated in an inherited retinitis pigmentosa (RP) mouse, which would help to elucidate the possible mechanism and prevention of retinal NV diseases in clinic.

Methods: The mice, the genetic mutant mouse model of retinal NV caused by the homozygous mutation of gene, with the mice, the inherited RP mouse caused by homozygous mutation of gene were bred. Intercrossing of the above two mice led to the birth of the F1 hybrids, further inbreeding of which gave birth to the F2 offspring.

Abelson interactor 1 splice isoform-L plays an anti-oncogenic role in colorectal carcinoma through interactions with WAVE2 and full-length Abelson interactor 1.

Background: Expression of the full-length isoform of Abelson interactor 1 (ABI1), ABI1-p65, is increased in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and is thought to be involved in one or more steps leading to tumor progression or metastasis. The ABI1 splice isoform-L (ABI1-SiL) has conserved WAVE2-binding and SH3 domains, lacks the homeo-domain homologous region, and is missing the majority of PxxP- and Pro-rich domains found in full-length ABI1-p65. Thus, ABI1-SiL domain structure suggests that the protein may regulate CRC cell morphology, adhesion, migration, and metastasis interactions with the WAVE2 complex pathway.

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Tris-Anderson Polyoxometalates for Facile CO Cycloaddition.

Four new tris-Anderson polyoxometalates (POMs), (NH)[ZnMoO(CHNO)(OH)]·4HO (), (NH)[CuMoO(CHNO)(OH)]·4HO (), (TBA)(NH)[ZnMoO(CHO)(OH)]·10HO () (TBA = -CHN), and (NH)[CuMoO(CHO)]·16HO (), were synthesized by a microwave-assisted method. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that and contained a tris (trihydroxyl organic compounds) ligand grafted on one side, while two tris ligands were grafted on two sides to form χ/δ and δ/δ isomers in and , respectively. H and C NMR spectra of the χ/δ isomer were obtained for the first time, with six methylenes showing six peaks in the H NMR spectrum and only four peaks in the C NMR spectrum.

Accurate assembly of ferrocene-functionalized {Ti22Fc4} clusters with photocatalytic amine oxidation activity.

We report here the synthesis of a ferrocene-functionalized {Ti22Fc4} cluster with a 'dimer-of-clusters' topology, which represents the largest Ti-oxo cluster (TOC) modified with organometallic groups ever reported. The exact assembly path of {Ti22Fc4} can be inferred from its two substructures, {Ti11Fc2} and {Ti5Fc}, which can also be synthesized independently through subtle changes in reaction conditions. Furthermore, we used these clusters as photocatalysts, and have studied, for the first time, the photocatalytic activity of TOCs in the oxidative coupling of amines.

Monocarboxylate-driven structural growth in Calix[n]arene-polyoxotitanate hybrid systems: utility in hydrogen production from water.

A carboxylate-driven assembly strategy has been developed for the first time to build calix[n]arene-based polyoxotitanate clusters with tuneable nuclearity and structures. Photocatalytic studies revealed that these clusters exhibit structural-dependent H evolution ability with a maximum rate up to 415.11 μmol h g, which is almost the highest recorded in polyoxotitanate clusters.

Accurate Regulating of Visible-Light Absorption in Polyoxotitanate-Calix[8]arene Systems by Ligand Modification.

With use of a macrocyclic polyphenol, -butylcalix[8]arene (TBC[8]), as ligands, a series of TBC[8]-stabilized {TiO}clusters, containing penta- and hexacoordinated Ti centers, were synthesized. Such complexes are "core-shell" shaped containing a {TiO} core arranged in a zigzag fashion. While outer walls of the clusters are decorated by deprotonated TBC[8], their upper and lower surfaces can be modified by various O- or N-donor ligands, and the ratio of the penta- and hexacoordinated Ti(IV) centers in the {TiO} core can be precisely regulated from 4:0, to 3:1, to 2:2, to 1:3, and finally to 0:4.

Study of the Characterization of Side Population Cells in Endometrial Cancer Cell Lines: Chemoresistance, Progestin Resistance, and Radioresistance.

Radiotherapy, combined regimens as platinum-paclitaxel chemotherapy and/or endocrine therapy is an important adjuvant treatment after surgery for endometrial cancer (EC). While, the resistance to them remain unclear. In our study, to separate the characteristics of side population (SP) cells from EC cell lines, study the mechanism of Taxol-resistance, progestin resistance and radioresistanc, and provide the basic for EC.

Discovery of a New Family of Polyoxometalate-Based Hybrids with Improved Catalytic Performances for Selective Sulfoxidation: The Synergy between Classic Heptamolybdate Anions and Complex Cations.

A series of functional cation-regulated isopolymolybdate-based organic-inorganic hybrid compounds, NaH[MoO(CHON)]·10HO (), Na[M(Bis-tris)(HO)][MoO]·10HO [M = Cu, ; Ni, ; Co, ; Zn, ; Bis-tris = 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2',2″-nitrilotriethanol], and (NH)[M(Bis-tris)(HO)][MoO]·6HO (M = Zn, ; Cu, ), were synthesized and characterized toward advanced molecular catalyst design. Compound is a covalently bonded adduct, and its self-assembly process can be probed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Compounds - are polyoxometalate (POM)-based hybrids containing classic heptamolybdate anions and complex cations with Bis-tris ligands.