Protective effects of anthocyanins on the nervous system injury caused by fluoride-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats.

Long-term fluoride exposure can produce neurotoxicity. Anthocyanins, as antioxidants, have a certain protective effect in nerve damage. This study aimed to investigate the protective role of anthocyanins in fluoride-induced neurological damage due to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS).

An Extremely Salt-Resistant Hydrogel-Based Solar Evaporator for Stable Saturated Brine Desalination.

Hydrogel-based solar evaporators are widely concerned because of their excellent evaporation performance due to the "water activation" effect by reducing the evaporation enthalpy. However, the current challenge is the trade-off between a high evaporation rate and salt tolerance. Here, a 3D chitosan-based hydrogel evaporator with a directional vertical channel structure using a one-pot in situ strategy and directional freezing method, is innovatively designed.

Engineered molybdenum disulfide nanosheets as scavengers against oxidative stress inhibit ferroptosis to alleviate acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical kidney dysfunction associated with high morbidity, elevated mortality, and poor prognosis. It results from redox imbalance caused by abnormal excess production of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the renal tubules, which in turn initiates a series of pathological processes, such as cellular apoptosis, necrosis, and ferroptosis, eventually leading to structural and functional impairment of the kidney. Thereinto, ferroptosis induced by the lethal accumulation of lipid peroxidation is extensively involved in renal damage.

Fluoride-Mediated Immune Damage Through Cytokine Network Regulation of Tregs.

Long-term fluoride exposure can induce inflammatory responses in various tissues of the body, thereby affecting the inflammatory microenvironment. To explore how fluoride induces changes in immune function within this microenvironment, this study collected baseline information and biological samples from participants in areas with the drinking water type of fluorosis, and simultaneously established Wistar rat models with a 12-week and 24-week fluoride exposure, as well as a 12-week fluoride exposure followed by 12-week pure water feeding regimen. Luminex multiplex assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to measure cytokine expression levels.

Standard dose could be better! A multicenter study of tigecycline in patients with liver failure.

Background: High-dose (HD) tigecycline is often required for severe multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections in liver failure patients, despite package recommendations to halve the dose for those with severe liver impairment. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of different tigecycline doses in this population.

Research Design And Methods: A retrospective cohort of 192 patients with Child-Pugh grade C liver failure was divided into label-dose (LD), standard-dose (SD), and HD groups.

Near-infrared Emission Carbon Dots Derived from Bromo-Substituted Perylene Derivatives with Simultaneously High Type I/II ROS Generation for Effective Bacterial Elimination and Tumor Ablation.

Bacterial infections and tumor tissues are characterized by complex microenvironments with uneven oxygen availability. Effective photodynamic therapy for these conditions requires photosensitizers that can perform optimally within such environments, specifically by generating both type I and II reactive oxygen species (ROS) simultaneously. Carbon dots (CDs), a type of fluorescent nanomaterial smaller than 10 nm, are commonly used to treat bacterial infections and tumors.

Evaluation of the potential value of artificial intelligence (AI) in public health using fluoride intake as the example.

Aim: We aimed to test whether and how ChatGPT understood the epidemiological problems related to fluoride intake and whether ChatGPT could produce novel and feasible hypotheses to tackle the challenges in the research for the disorders caused by a deficient or excessive fluoride intake.

Material And Methods: We designed a set of questions to evaluate the knowledge of ChatGPT version 4o on the epidemiological problems related to fluoride intake. Three evaluators then reviewed these answers.

Capture of mobile genetic elements following intercellular conjugation promotes the production of ST11-KL64 CR-hvKP.

Unlabelled: Sequence type (ST)11 carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent (CR-hvKP) can cause life-threatening infections and is therefore of global concern. Despite its importance, the evolutionary history and mechanism for the emergence of ST11 CR-hvKP are unclear. In recent years, the detection rate of ST11 CR-hvKP has increased in a teaching hospital.

Temperature and light dual-responsive hydrogels for anti-inflammation and wound repair monitoring.

Wound healing is a complex and dynamic biological process that requires meticulous management to ensure optimal outcomes. Traditional wound dressings, such as gauze and bandages, although commonly used, often fall short in their frequent need for replacement, lack of real-time monitoring and absence of anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, which can lead to increased risk of infection and delayed healing. Here, we address these limitations by introducing an innovative hydrogel dressing, named PHDNN6, to combine wireless Bluetooth temperature monitoring and light-triggered nitric oxide (NO) release to enhance wound healing and management.

Antihypertensive strategies for the prevention of secondary stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Stroke is an important contributor to disability and death globally. Hypertension is a main risk factor for recurrent stroke in patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Higher systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure at admission are independently associated with the risk of stroke recurrence.

Nomogram model based on serum chitotriosidase activity to predict coronary artery aneurysm in Kawasaki disease.

Objective: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a common children's disease with unknown etiology, which easily involves coronary artery and causes serious cardiovascular sequelae. The purpose was to investigate the relationship between chitotriosidase activity and coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) and develop and validate a nomogram to predict CAA in KD patients.

Methods: A total of 338 KD patients were included in this study.

Laser processing materials for photo-to-thermal applications.

Photothermal conversion materials (PCMs) are crucial component in solar-thermal energy technologies. Although various PCMs with excellent sunlight harvesting have been developed for colorful solar-thermal applications, uniform and large-scale production of PCMs remains a challenge, and the PCMs prepared through the conventional methods are often non-site specific. Laser processing technology (LPT), as an efficient, convenient, green and sustainable technology, can directly create micro/nano structures and patterns at specific locations on materials surface, attracting widespread attention in photo-to-thermal applications.

Glycerol Modulated Collagen Fibril Evolution and Lamellar Organization for Biomimetic Corneal Substitutes Construction.

Collagen as the main structural component of the cornea exhibits unique and highly organized fibril lamellae, which contribute to the maintenance of corneal structure and transparency. Nevertheless, collagen assembly in vitro to create ideal artificial corneal substitutes with human cornea comparable thickness and optics is still limited. Here, glycerol as a regulator can reconcile collagen thickness, transparency, and permeability, a conflicting goal by current keratoprosthesis strategies.

Straw Returning Methods Affects Macro-Aggregate Content and Organic Matter Content in Black Soils: Meta-Analysis and Comprehensive Validation.

Straw returning into the soil is a crucial method for boosting soil carbon levels. To research the influence of straw return practices on soil aggregates and organic matter content within the farmlands of the Northeast Black Soil Region, the objective was to clarify the varying impacts of these practices on soil carbon enhancement. In this study, 89 pertinent papers were acquired through a rigorous literature compilation.

Phyllospheric fungal diversity in decomposing larch leaf litter: a comparative study of epiphytic and endophytic fungi.

Introduction: Epiphytic and endophytic fungi are primary decomposers of forest litter due to their complex species composition and metabolic functions. To clarify the community diversity of phyllospheric fungi and to explore nutrient loss and the role of fungal decomposition, we conducted a study on the decomposition of leaf litter during the 1-year decomposition of in the cold temperate zone.

Methods: Fungal diversity data were characterized via Single Molecule Sequencing (based on the Sequel II Sequencing System) and statistical analyses in R.

Efficient generation of octave-separating orbital angular momentum beams via forked grating array in lithium niobite crystal.

The concept of orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light has not only advanced fundamental physics research but also yielded a plethora of practical applications, benefitting from the abundant methods for OAM generation based on linear, nonlinear and combined schemes. The combined scheme could generate octave-separating OAM beams, potentially increasing the channels for optical communication and data storage. However, this scheme faces a challenge in achieving high conversion efficiency.

Analysis of the fluorescence spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter in a black soil with different straw return amounts.

Straw return improves soil carbon pool and dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics in black soil. Optimal straw return rate is the key to promoting straw return practices in farmland in Northeast China. The experiment was conducted at the Science and Technology Park of China Grain Storage and Northern Corporation in NenJiang, Heilongjiang Province, straw return at 0 kg hm, 3000 kg hm, 4500 kg hm, and 9000 kg hm.

Promote or inhibit? Transcriptomic and metabonomic insights into the effects of antibiotics on nitrogen uptake and metabolism in Myriophyllum aquaticum.

Phytoremediation is an effective nitrogen removal method to alleviate eutrophication. However, the coexistence of antibiotics may inhibit nitrogen removal by aquatic macrophytes, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we systematically investigated the effects of three antibiotics (norfloxacin, NOR; sulfamethoxazole, SMX; and oxytetracycline, OTC) at environmental concentrations (1 μg/L and 1 mg/L) on ammonia (NH-N) and nitrate (NO-N) removal by the aquatic macrophyte Myriophyllum aquaticum.

Temperature-Responsive Hydrogel System Integrating Wound Temperature Monitoring and On-demand Drug Release for Sequentially Inflammatory Process Regulation of Wound Healing.

Wound healing faces challenges like inflammation, infection, and limited monitoring capabilities, and traditional dressings often lack the ability to promote healing or provide real-time wound status updates. Early pro-inflammatory responses help clear pathogens and damaged tissue, while timely anti-inflammatory modulation aids tissue regeneration, making sequential inflammation regulation crucial. Additionally, wound temperature, a key infection biomarker, enables real-time monitoring for effective management.

Osteopontin: an indispensable component in common liver, pancreatic, and biliary related disease.

Background: The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas constitute a critically important system of digestive and endocrine organs in the human body, performing essential and complex physiological functions. At present, diseases of this digestive system have a high incidence in the world and is a more common disease. However, osteopontin (OPN) plays a crucial role in common liver, pancreatic, and biliary diseases, and its mechanisms of action merit further exploration and study.

 (Primulaceae), a new species from southeast Yunnan, China.

(Primulaceae-Maesoideae) from southeast Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated here. This new species belongs to the informal long corolla-tube species group and is morphologically similar to and , but can be distinguished by lacking hairs, membranaceous leaves and long panicles with 7-16 branches. According to the IUCN criteria, is assessed as "Least Concern".

Exploring better sparsely annotated shadow detection.

Sparsely annotated image segmentation has attracted increasing attention due to its low labeling cost. However, existing weakly-supervised shadow detection methods require complex training procedures, and there is still a significant performance gap compared to fully-supervised methods. This paper summarizes two current challenges in sparsely annotated shadow detection, i.