In vitro monitoring of i-NOS concentrations with an immunosensor: the inhibitory effect of endocrine disruptors on i-NOS release.

The amperometric immunosensor has demonstrated the toxicity of endocrine disrupters (EDs) through monitoring the in vitro i-NOS concentration change, where the antibody of inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS) was immobilized on the conducting polymer-gold nanoparticles composite. The performance of the sensor and the experimental parameters affecting the immunoreaction were optimized. Neuronal cells treated by EDs decreased in the in vitro i-NOS concentration.

Interactions of Dopamine D1 and N-methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors are Required for Acute Cocaine-Evoked Nitric Oxide Efflux in the Dorsal Striatum.

Alterations in nitric oxide (NO) release in response to psychostimulants in the striatum cause a plastic change contributing to the development and expression of addiction. In this study, regulation of NO efflux evoked by acute cocaine in the dorsal striatum was investigated using real-time detection of NO in vivo. We found that acute systemic injection of cocaine (20 mg/kg) increased NO efflux, which was reduced by the intrastriatal infusion of the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, SCH23390 (7.

Electropolymerized self-assembled layer on gold nanoparticles: detection of inducible nitric oxide synthase in neuronal cell culture.

Novel nanostructures of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) encapsulated-conductive polymer have been developed to study biosensor probe materials and utilized to detect the concentration of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). A 2,2':5',5″-terthiophene-3'-benzoic acid (TTBA) monomer was synthesized and self-assembled on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The size effects of the AuNPs and TTBA monomer film thickness on the electrode conductivity were examined.

Electrochemical detection of peroxynitrite using a biosensor based on a conducting polymer-manganese ion complex.

A peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) biosensor has been developed through the preparation of a new manganese-[poly-2,5-di-(2-thienyl)-1H-pyrrole)-1-(p-benzoic acid)] (Mn-pDPB) complex. DPB monomer was first synthesized and polymerized for the purpose of providing a polymer backbone for complex formation with Mn(2+) ion. The Mn-pDPB complex was characterized via Magnetomotive Force (MMF) simulation, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and cyclic voltammetry.

A selective nitric oxide nanocomposite biosensor based on direct electron transfer of microperoxidase: removal of interferences by co-immobilized enzymes.

A highly selective nitric oxide (NO) biosensor was developed by immobilizing microperoxidase (MP) onto the MWCNT-poly-5,2':5',2″-terthiophene-3'-carboxylic acid (PTTCA) nanocomposite. Catalase (CAS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) co-immobilized on the probe successfully protected the interferences of H(2)O(2) and O(2)(-) during NO detection. The nanocomposite layer showed the direct electron transfer processes of the immobilized CAS, SOD, and MP simultaneously at -0.

Repeated cocaine administration increases nitric oxide efflux in the rat dorsal striatum.

Rationale: Repeated injections of cocaine alter extracellular nitric oxide (NO) efflux via interactions between dopamine and glutamate receptor-coupled signaling cascades.

Objectives: Putative cellular mechanisms underlying changes in NO efflux following repeated cocaine administration were investigated.

Methods: Real-time detection of NO efflux using a NO biosensor was mainly performed in the rat dorsal striatum in vivo.

Monitoring the activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in brain tissue and cells with a potentiometric immunosensor.

An all solid state potentiometric immunosensor (ASPI) has been developed to study the activation process of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), the enzyme involved in the synthesis of nitric oxide generated under physiological conditions. At first, an all solid state H(+)-selective ISE was fabricated with the carboxylated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-COOH) film containing H(+) ionophore, antibody was then immobilized on the polymer layer. The immunocomplex formation was detected by monitoring pH change due to interaction between urease labeled secondary antibody and antigen.

A cytochrome c modified-conducting polymer microelectrode for monitoring in vivo changes in nitric oxide.

A nitric oxide (NO) microbiosensor based on cytochrome c (cyt c), a heme protein, immobilized onto a functionalized-conducting polymer (poly-TTCA) layer has been fabricated for the in vivo measurement of NO release stimulated by an abuse drug cocaine. Based on the direct electron transfer of cyt c, determination of NO with the cyt c-bonded poly-TTCA electrode was studied using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Interferences for the sensory of NO by foreign species such as oxygen and hydrogen peroxide were minimized by covering a Nafion film on the modified electrode surface.