A Case of Unsuspected Laryngeal Atresia With Comorbid Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Cardiac Defects.

Laryngeal atresia is a rare congenital condition that presents with hypoxia and failed intubation attempts at birth. When diagnosed prenatally, options exist to obtain airway access during delivery. However, postnatal diagnosis requires a high degree of clinical suspicion and the prompt initiation of surgical airway management in order to avoid morbidity and mortality.

Discontinuation and nonpublication of pediatric otolaryngology clinical trials.

Objectives: Randomized controlled trial (RCT) discontinuation and nonpublication are potential mechanisms of waste in resources and lead to decreased advancement of medical science and compromised ethical issues in all specialties. However, the prevalence of discontinued or unpublished RCTs regarding common pediatric otolaryngology disorders and interventions remains unclear.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis.

Multicenter Advanced Pediatric Otolaryngology Fellowship Prep Surgical Simulation Course with 3D Printed High-Fidelity Models.

Objective: To assess the effect of 3-dimensional (3D)-printed surgical simulators used in an advanced pediatric otolaryngology fellowship preparatory course on trainee education.

Study Design: Quasi-experimental pre/postsurvey.

Setting: Multicenter collaborative course conducted at a contract research organization prior to a national conference.

Gastric bypass surgery in a rat model alters the community structure and functional composition of the intestinal microbiota independently of weight loss.

Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is a last-resort treatment to induce substantial and sustained weight loss in cases of severe obesity. This anatomical rearrangement affects the intestinal microbiota, but so far, little information is available on how it interferes with microbial functionality and microbial-host interactions independently of weight loss.

Methods: A rat model was employed where the RYGB-surgery cohort is compared to sham-operated controls which were kept at a matched body weight by food restriction.

Innovations in Airway Surgery.

The management of pediatric airway stenosis has evolved considerably over time. At the outset, dilation was the mainstay of management. In the 1900s, open surgery in the form of cricoid expansion procedures or resection procedures was the primary treatment with subsequent development of the slide tracheoplasty.

Oncologic and functional outcomes of pretreatment tracheotomy in advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A multi-institutional analysis.

Objectives: Describe the influence of pretreatment tracheotomy and treatment modality (surgical versus non-surgical) on oncologic and functional outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study of previously untreated advanced-stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients at two academic tertiary care institutions from 1995 to 2014.

Results: Primary outcomes evaluated were disease-free survival, disease-specific survival, and overall survival of pretreatment tracheotomy versus no pretreatment tracheotomy cohorts.

Penetrating Ocular Trauma from a Bean Bag Gun: A Case Report and Review of Less-Lethal Force and Their Consequences.

Although bean bag guns are considered a "less-lethal" form of law enforcement, these blunt projectiles have risk. The purpose of this study was to perform a literature review of morbidity and mortality associated with less-lethal munitions and present a case report of a bean bag injury leading to a traumatic globe evisceration and skull base fracture. Patients presenting with bean bag gun associated injuries warrant a high clinical suspicion for injury to deeper structures.

An update on endoscopic orbital decompression.

Purpose Of Review: Endoscopic orbital decompression is an ever-evolving surgical procedure with modifications as well as new indications for the procedure. The purpose of this review is to update the reader on optimizing patient selection, surgical timing, highlight the latest modifications to surgical technique and to evaluate surgical outcomes that can be achieved.

Recent Findings: Patient selection, disease pathology, and optimization of technology can lead to improved outcomes.

PET-CT and the detection of the asymptomatic recurrence or second primary lesions in the treated head and neck cancer patient.

Objectives/hypothesis: The role of follow-up and the detection of recurrent or new primary disease in cancer management remains to be defined. Specifically, the effectiveness and impact on survival of imaging studies that detects disease before it is symptomatic or noted on exam is unknown.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Cardiac and hemodynamic tolerability of iodinated contrast media in the anesthetized rat.

Rationale And Objectives: The study was designed to compare the hemodynamic effects of 11 iodinated contrast media (CM), including ionic (diatrizoate, ioxaglate), nonionic monomeric (iohexol, iopromide, iopamidol, iopentol, ioversol, iomeprol, ZK 139129), and nonionic dimeric (iotrolan, iodixanol) compounds.

Methods: Following left ventricular bolus injection of 1.2 g I/kg body weight in anesthetized rats, cardiohemodynamic parameters were measured.

Cardiac and hemodynamic tolerability of iopromide with or without sodium or iloprost and of ioversol in the anesthetized rat.

Rationale And Objectives: In this study, the cardiac and hemodynamic effects of iopromide alone were compared with those of two combination preparations (iopromide plus sodium and iopromide plus the prostacyclin analog iloprost) and with ioversol after left ventricular bolus administration in rats.

Methods: The tracheae of anesthetized male Wistar rats were cannulated to facilitate spontaneous respiration. The animals were set up to allow recording or calculation of the following parameters: femoral arterial blood pressure (systolic, mean, and diastolic), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, heart rate, and contractility.