High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation and Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury: Size Does Matter.

Objectives: The theoretical basis for minimizing tidal volume during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation may not be appropriate when lung tissue stretch occurs heterogeneously and/or rapidly. The objective of this study was to assess the extent to which increased ventilation heterogeneity may contribute to ventilator-induced lung injury during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in adults compared with neonates on the basis of lung size, using a computational model of human lungs.

Design: Computational modeling study.

Improving pediatric resident laryngoscopy training through the use of a video laryngoscope.

Importance: Opportunities for pediatric residents to perform direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation (DLTI) are few and the success rate is low.

Objective: We hypothesize that incorporation of video laryngoscope (McGrath MAC) into pediatric residents DLTI simulation course will improve the simulated DLTI success rate.

Methods: Residents were given 3 attempts at DLTI: (1) baseline using a conventional laryngoscope (CL); (2) using a video laryngoscope (VL); and (3) again using the CL.

Post-intubation tracheobronchomalacia in a young adult: A rare case report.

Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is characterized by weakness of cartilaginous supporting structures of tracheal and bronchial walls, resulting in central airway obstruction. It is a rare condition that can occur after prolonged intubation. Here, we report a 26-year-old, alcoholic male who had TBM, mild subglottic, and severe tracheal stenosis following 2 weeks of intubation.

Factors affecting readmission for acute asthmatic attacks in children.

Background: Readmission following acute asthmatic attack has an impact on children's quality of life and the cost of hospitalization. The objective of this study was to define the risk factors associated with readmission following acute asthmatic attacks in children.

Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study in children who were admitted because of acute asthmatic attacks at the Department of Pediatrics, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.