Development of NIR light-responsive shape memory composites based on bio-benzoxazine/bio-urethane copolymers reinforced with graphene.

In this work, shape memory polymers (SMPs) were developed from a combination of a bio-based benzoxazine (BZ) monomer and polyurethane prepolymer (PU-prepolymer), both derived from bio-based raw materials. The bio-based BZ monomer (V-fa monomer) was synthesized through a Mannich condensation reaction using vanillin, paraformaldehyde, and furfurylamine. The bio-based PU-prepolymer was obtained by reacting palm oil polyol (MW = 1400 Da) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI).