Quantitative Liver Fat Assessment by Handheld Point-of-Care Ultrasound: A Technical Implementation and Pilot Study in Adults.

Objectives: To implement, examine the feasibility of, and evaluate the performance of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) with a handheld point-of-care US (POCUS) device for assessing liver fat in adults.

Materials And Methods: This prospective IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant pilot study enrolled adults with overweight or obesity. Participants underwent chemical-shift-encoded magnetic resonance imaging to estimate proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and, within 1 mo, QUS with a POCUS device by expert sonographers and novice operators (no prior US scanning experience).

[F]Fluorthanatrace PET in Ovarian Cancer: Comparison with [F]FDG PET, Lesion Location, Tumor Grade, and Breast Cancer Gene Mutation Status.

Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) inhibitors have improved ovarian cancer treatment outcomes. However, clinical response remains heterogeneous. Existing biomarkers, mainly breast cancer susceptibility genes 1 and 2 (), are suboptimal.

Efficacy of pH-Responsive Surface Functionalized Titanium Screws in Treating Implant-associated S. aureus Osteomyelitis with Biofilms Formation.

Implant-associated Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) osteomyelitis (IASO) leads to high orthopedic implant failure rates due to the formation of Staphylococcal abscess community within the bone marrow and bacterial colonization in the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network (OLCN). To address this, antimicrobial peptides (HHC36)-loaded titania nanotubes (NTs) are developed on titanium screws (Ti-NTs-P-A), which integrate pH-responsive polymethacrylic acid to control HHC36 release for eradicating bacteria in IASO.

Calcium supplementation (other than for preventing or treating hypertension) for improving pregnancy and infant outcomes.

Background: Maternal nutrition during pregnancy is known to have an effect on fetal growth and development. It is recommended that women increase their calcium intake during pregnancy and lactation, although the recommended dosage varies among professionals. Currently, there is no consensus on the role of routine calcium supplementation for pregnant women other than for preventing or treating hypertension.

Cross-cultural validation of the BFOE model: Best practices and future directions for psychometric evaluation of the Fear of positive evaluation scale - Insights from a Dutch translation.

The Bivalent Fear of Evaluation (BFOE) model suggests that Social Anxiety Disorder is not only characterized by fear of negative evaluation (FNE), but also fear of positive evaluation (FPE). While FNE has been firmly established, research of the latter is accumulating. To evaluate the role of the BFOE Model, and particularly FPE, validated measures such as the Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale (FPES) are pivotal.

Yoga Among Adults Age 18 and Older: United States, 2022.

Introduction: This report describes the percentage of adults age 18 and older who practiced yoga, and among those, the percentage who practiced yoga to restore overall health, practice meditation, or treat and manage pain, by selected sociodemographic characteristics using data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey.

Methods: Data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey were used for this analysis. Point estimates and corresponding variances were calculated using SAS-callable SUDAAN software version 11.

Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy.

Background: Iron and folic acid supplementation have been recommended in pregnancy for anaemia prevention, and may improve other maternal, pregnancy, and infant outcomes.

Objectives: To examine the effects of daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy, either alone or in combination with folic acid or with other vitamins and minerals, as an intervention in antenatal care.

Search Methods: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Trials Registry on 18 January 2024 (including CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.

Mutual eye gaze and vocal pitch in relation to social anxiety and depression: A virtual interaction task.

Background: Individuals with high social interaction anxiety (SIA) and depression often behave submissively in social settings. Few studies have simultaneously examined the associations between objectively assessed submissive behaviors and SIA or depression, despite their high comorbidity and unknown mechanisms regarding submissiveness.

Methods: A sample of 45 young adults self-reported trait SIA and depression, state positive/negative affect (PA/NA) before and after a virtual social interaction.

Efficacy and Accuracy of Diagnosing Septic Arthritis: How Effective are Current Methods for Timely Diagnosis of Septic Arthritis?

The diagnosis of septic arthritis requires a reliance on ancillary tests, including synovial fluid white blood cell count (jWBC), percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (%PMN), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP). This study evaluated these tests to determine their diagnostic utility in suspected septic arthritis. A retrospective chart review was performed on patients admitted to an urban hospital who underwent arthrocentesis.

Initial therapeutic evidence of a borosilicate bioactive glass (BSG) and FeO magnetic nanoparticle scaffold on implant-associated bone infection.

Implant-associated () osteomyelitis is a severe challenge in orthopedics. While antibiotic-loaded bone cement is a standardized therapeutic approach for osteomyelitis, it falls short in eradicating Staphylococcus abscess communities (SACs) and bacteria within osteocyte-lacuna canalicular network (OLCN) and repairing bone defects. To address limitations, we developed a borosilicate bioactive glass (BSG) combined with ferroferric oxide (FeO) magnetic scaffold to enhance antibacterial efficacy and bone repair capabilities.

"We Remember the Pain": A qualitative study of intergenerational trauma among older adults experiencing homelessness in the HOPE HOME study.

Rates of homelessness among adults aged 50 and over are rising. Common strategies for exiting homelessness rely on social and family support. However, intergenerational trauma may disrupt these social support networks and contribute to homelessness.

Re-assessing the assessment of fears of positive and negative evaluation: Scale development and psychometric evaluation of the Bivalent Fear of Evaluation Scale (BFOES).

The bivalent fear of evaluation (BFOE) model of social anxiety divides fear of evaluation into two distinct valences: fear of positive evaluation (FPE) and fear of negative evaluation (FNE). However, there is evidence that the two most widely utilized and psychometrically supported measures of FNE and FPE contain items which are ambiguous with regard to valence of evaluative fear. To formally address this, the BFOE Scale (BFOES) was developed, by merging items from measures of FNE and FPE into a single scale with an integrated response format.

Simulation of Radiation-Induced DNA Damage and Protection by Histones Using the Code RITRACKS.

(1) Background: DNA damage is of great importance in the understanding of the effects of ionizing radiation. Various types of DNA damage can result from exposure to ionizing radiation, with clustered types considered the most important for radiobiological effects. (2) Methods: The code RITRACKS (Relativistic Ion Tracks), a program that simulates stochastic radiation track structures, was used to simulate DNA damage by photons and ions spanning a broad range of linear energy transfer (LET) values.

A semi-automated cell tracking protocol for quantitative analyses of neutrophil swarming to sterile and S. aureus contaminated bone implants in a mouse femur model.

Implant-associated osteomyelitis remains a major orthopaedic problem. As neutrophil swarming to the surgical site is a critical host response to prevent infection, visualization and quantification of this dynamic behavior at the native microenvironment of infection will elucidate previously unrecognized mechanisms central to understanding the host response. We recently developed longitudinal intravital imaging of the bone marrow (LIMB) to visualize host cells and fluorescent S.

Catalytically distinct IDH1 mutants tune phenotype severity in tumor models.

Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) impart a neomorphic reaction that produces D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG), which can inhibit DNA demethylases to drive tumorigenesis. Mutations affect residue R132 and display distinct catalytic profiles for D2HG production. We show that catalytic efficiency of D2HG production is greater in IDH1 R132Q than R132H mutants, and expression of R132Q in cellular and xenograft models leads to higher D2HG concentrations in cells, tumors, and sera compared to R132H.

Binary Solvent Induced Stable Interphase Layer for Ultra-Long Life Sodium Metal Batteries.

Sodium foil, promising for high-energy-density batteries, faces reversibility challenges due to its inherent reactivity and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. In this study, a stable sodium metal battery (SMB) is achieved by tuning the electrolyte solvation structure through the addition of co-solvent 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran (MTHF) to diglyme (Dig). The introduction of cyclic ether-based MTHF results in increased anion incorporation in the solvation structure, even at lower salt concentrations.

Hysterectomy Among Women Age 18 and Older: United States, 2021.

Hysterectomy is one of the most common procedures for women in the United States (1,2). Hysterectomy removes the uterus and is used to treat conditions such as uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and gynecological cancer (3). It can be performed on an inpatient or outpatient basis (4,5).

Loneliness among homeless-experienced older adults with cognitive or functional impairments: qualitative findings from the HOPE HOME study.

Background: Loneliness is more common in older adults and those who face structural vulnerabilities, including homelessness. The homeless population is aging in the United States; now, 48% of single homeless adults are 50 and older. We know little about loneliness among older adults who have experienced homelessness.

Barriers and Facilitators to Resolving Older Adult Homelessness through Stays with Family: Qualitative findings from the HOPE HOME Study.

Living with family and friends is a common strategy used to prevent or exit homelessness, but little is known about structural barriers that impede family and friends' ability to provide temporary or permanent housing for older homeless adults. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 46 homeless participants from the HOPE HOME study, a cohort of 350 community-recruited homeless adults age 50 or older in Oakland, CA, who reported having stayed with housed family/friends for 1 or more nights in the prior 6 months. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 hosts of homeless participants and 11 stakeholders in housing and homelessness.

A semi-automated cell tracking protocol for quantitative analyses of neutrophil swarming to sterile and contaminated bone implants in a mouse femur model.

Implant-associated osteomyelitis remains a major orthopaedic problem. As neutrophil swarming to the surgical site is a critical host response to prevent infection, visualization and quantification of this dynamic behavior at the native microenvironment of infection will elucidate previously unrecognized mechanisms central to understanding the host response. We recently developed longitudinal intravital imaging of the bone marrow (LIMB) to visualize fluorescent on a contaminated transfemoral implant and host cells in live mice, which allows for direct visualization of bacteria colonization of the implant and host cellular responses using two-photon laser scanning microscopy.

Quantifying the Relevance of Long-Range Forces for Crystal Nucleation in Water.

Understanding nucleation from aqueous solutions is of fundamental importance in a multitude of fields, ranging from materials science to biophysics. The complex solvent-mediated interactions in aqueous solutions hamper the development of a simple physical picture, elucidating the roles of different interactions in nucleation processes. In this work, we make use of three complementary techniques to disentangle the role played by short- and long-range interactions in solvent-mediated nucleation.