Assessing the inter-rater reliability and agreement of a hybrid assessment framework in the Emergency Department.

Objective: There is often little consensus on the levels of trainees' performances, given the varied expertise and experience of the assessors, different tasks to be assessed and dynamic circumstances. Consequently, assessors are considered to be a major source of measurement error in workplace assessment. The aim of this pilot study is to assess the inter-rater reliability and agreement of a hybrid framework for assessment of nonspecialist doctors in our Emergency Department.

Demographics of toxic exposures presenting to three public hospital emergency departments in Singapore 2001-2003.

Background: The demographics of poisoned patients and the circumstances of toxic exposure have not been evaluated in Singapore for the last 10 years.

Aim: This study aims to give an estimate of the burden of poisoning in Singapore from the emergency department's (ED) perspective.

Method: A retrospective study of toxic exposure was conducted over a period of 3 years from 2001 to 2003 at the ED of three public hospitals, one being a paediatric hospital.

Antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of selected commercially available cruciferous vegetables.

Antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging activity and phenolic content of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata rubra), Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa pekinensis var cylindrica), green cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata), mustard cabbage (Brassica juncea var rugosa) and Chinese white cabbage (Brassica rapa var chinensis), grown in Malaysia, were evaluated. Red cabbage had the highest antioxidant activity and phenolic content compared to the other cruciferous vegetables studied (p < 0.