Predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in diagnosis of early prostate cancer among men who underwent robotic transperineal prostate biopsy.

To evaluate the predicted value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the diagnosis of early prostate cancer by using standardized Full blood count (FBC) performed within 4 weeks before biopsy and histology results from transperineal prostate biopsy (RTPB).Patients who underwent RTPB under general anesthesia (GA), at Urology Department, Singapore General Hospital between September 2006 and Febuary 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.NLR was calculated using full blood count (FBC) that was done as a pre-admission test before GA within 4 weeks before the biopsy.

Limitations of overlapping cores in systematic and MRI-US fusion biopsy.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinically-significant prostate cancer (csCaP) detection rate of systematic (SBx) vs. targeted biopsy (TBx), after accounting for the overlapping systematic cores within the MRI regions of interest.

Materials And Methods: We identified 398 consecutive men who underwent both transperineal systematic and targeted biopsy between January 2015 to January 2019.

External validation and comparison of magnetic resonance imaging-based predictive models for clinically significant prostate cancer.

Purpose: Several multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)-based models have been developed with significant improvements in diagnostic accuracy for clinically significant prostate cancer (csCaP), but lack proper external validation. We therefore sought to externally validate and compare all published mpMRI-based csCaP risk prediction models in an independent Asian population.

Patients And Methods: A total of 449 men undergoing combined transperineal fusion-targeted/systematic prostate biopsy at our specialist center between 2015 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.

Defining prostate cancer size and treatment margin for focal therapy: does intralesional heterogeneity impact the performance of multiparametric MRI?

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of intralesional heterogeneity on the performance of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in determining cancer extent and treatment margins for focal therapy (FT) of prostate cancer.

Patients And Methods: We identified men who underwent primary radical prostatectomy for organ- confined prostate cancer over a 3-year period. Cancer foci on whole-mount histology were marked out, coding low-grade (LG; Gleason 3) and high-grade (HG; Gleason 4-5) components separately.

Prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma variant predicts worse pathological and oncological outcomes: Insight from over 1000 consecutive patients from a large prospective uro-oncology registry.

Objective: To evaluate if prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) independently predicts poorer pathological and oncological outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods And Materials: Utilizing a large prospective uro-oncology registry, clinicopathological parameters of 1027 consecutive patients who underwent RP (2008-2017) were recorded. Oncological outcomes were determined by failure to achieve unrecordable PSA postoperatively and biochemical failure (BCF).

Survival outcomes of Asian younger men (< 55 years) undergoing radical prostatectomy: a review of prostate cancer database in a tertiary hospital in Singapore.

Purpose: Prostate cancer largely affects older men. This study aims to investigate prostate cancer in younger men (< 55 years) to shed light on the survival outcomes of this unique subset of patients in Asian context.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Singapore General Hospital Prostate Cancer Registry.

Multiparametric MRI-ultrasonography software fusion prostate biopsy: initial results using a stereotactic robotic-assisted transperineal prostate biopsy platform comparing systematic vs targeted biopsy.

Objective: To compare the detection rates of prostate cancer between systematic biopsy and targeted biopsy using a stereotactic robot-assisted transperineal prostate platform.

Materials And Methods: We identified consecutive patients with suspicious lesion(s) on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), who underwent both systematic and MRI-transrectal ultrasonography (US) fusion targeted biopsy using our proprietary transperineal robot-assisted prostate biopsy platform between January 2015 and January 2019 at our institution, for retrospective analysis. Comparative analysis was performed between systematic and targeted biopsy using McNemar's test, and the cohort was further stratified by prior biopsy status and Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) v2.

Local and systemic morbidities of de novo metastatic prostate cancer in Singapore: insight from 685 consecutive patients from a large prospective Uro-oncology registry.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence and management of local and systemic complications afflicting patients with de novo metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) in Singapore.

Design: Retrospective analysis of a large prospective Uro-oncology registry of mPCa.

Setting: This study is carried out in a tertiary hospital in Singapore.

Stereotactic robot-assisted transperineal prostate biopsy under local anaesthesia and sedation: moving robotic biopsy from operating theatre to clinic.

This IRB-approved prospective pilot study evaluates the safety and feasibility of performing stereotactic robot-assisted transperineal MRI-US fusion targeted prostate biopsy under local anaesthesia (LA) with sedation. 30 patients who underwent robotic transperineal prostate biopsy between September 2017 and June 2018 were recruited. All biopsies were performed with the iSR'obot Mona Lisa and BK3000 ultrasound system.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio independently predicts advanced pathological staging and poorer survival outcomes in testicular cancer.

Purpose: An elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been associated with adverse outcomes in various malignancies. However, its role in prognosticating testicular cancer (TC) has not been validated. We aim to study the relationship between NLR and TC.

Evaluation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic indicator in a Singapore cohort of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer treated with prostatectomy.

Purpose: Recent evidence suggests that the presence of a systemic inflammatory response plays an important role in the progression of several solid tumors. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been proposed as easily assessable markers of systemic inflammation and has been shown to represent a prognostic marker in prostate cancer in previous studies.

Methods: Data from 668 patients with localized prostate cancer treated with prostatectomy (open and robot assisted) in Singapore General Hospital from 1998 to 2014 were analyzed.

External validation of the updated Leibovich prognostic models for clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinoma in an Asian population.

Purpose: The Leibovich model was updated to prognosticate oncological outcomes in postnephrectomy nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) for each major histological subtype including clear cell (ccRCC), papillary (papRCC), and chromophobe RCC. We evaluated its performance in an independent population of predominantly Asian patients from Singapore.

Materials And Methods: Nine hundred and forty two binephric patients with nonmetastatic unilateral RCC treated with radical/partial nephrectomy from 1990 to 2015 from Singapore were retrospectively reviewed.

Primary androgen deprivation therapy as monotherapy in unfavourable intermediate- and high-risk localised prostate cancer: a Singaporean single-centre perspective.

Purpose: Primary ADT (pADT) monotherapy is used significantly for patients with clinically localised disease in Asia and is acceptable even by guidelines, especially in intermediate- and high-risk disease. This occurs despite controversy in the West and data suggesting association with adverse effects, notably cardiovascular events. We therefore sought to assess the impact of pADT on all-cause mortality and prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) in Asian men with high-risk and unfavourable intermediate-risk PCa.

Automating the Renal Cell Carcinoma Registry in Singapore: A Case Study on the Integration of the Research Electronic Data Capture System with the Enterprise Data Warehouse.

The renal cell carcinoma registry (RCCR) at the Singapore General Hospital was established in the 1980s. In 2012, the registry transited to a partially automated system using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) and Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition (OBIEE), which is a platform for retrieval of electronic data from the Electronic Health Intelligence System (eHIntS). A committee was formed of experts from the department of urology and the health services research center, as well as an information technology (IT) team to evaluate the efficacy of the partially automated system.

High neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts worse overall survival in patients with advanced/metastatic urothelial bladder cancer.

Objectives: To study the role of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in predicting survival outcomes for patients with advanced bladder cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 150 patients diagnosed with advanced or metastatic bladder cancer between January 2004 and June 2014. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was computed on diagnosis and after the first cycle of chemotherapy.

Post hoc analyses of East Asian patients from the randomized placebo-controlled PREVAIL trial of enzalutamide in patients with chemotherapy-naïve, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background: Enzalutamide is an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor that acts on different steps in the AR signaling pathway. In PREVAIL, an international, phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, enzalutamide significantly reduced the risk of radiographic progression by 81% (hazard ratio [HR], 0.19; P < .

Focal Therapy for Prostate Cancer with In-Bore MR-guided Focused Ultrasound: Two-Year Follow-up of a Phase I Trial-Complications and Functional Outcomes.

Purpose To report the safety profile and 2-year functional outcomes of in-bore magnetic resonance (MR)-guided focused ultrasound on single cancer foci in men with prostate cancer. Materials and Methods Ethics approval was obtained from the centralized institutional review board for this prospective single-arm study, and patients provided informed consent. Patients with untreated low-volume low-grade prostate cancer (clinical stage T2a or lower; Gleason score, 3+3; index tumor ≤10 mm) underwent MR-guided focused ultrasound between July 2011 and February 2013.

Tumor size and Fuhrman grade further enhance the prognostic impact of perinephric fat invasion and renal vein extension in T3a staging of renal cell carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic values of perinephric fat invasion and renal vein invasion in pT3a renal cell carcinoma, as stand-alone factors and in combination with tumor size and Fuhrman grade.

Methods: Survival data of pT1 and pT2 renal cell carcinomas were analyzed alongside pT3a tumors of similar size bands (pT1 vs pT3a <7 cm, pT2 vs pT3a >7 cm). Patients with adjuvant therapy, positive surgical margins, metastasis or pT3b-pT4 tumors were excluded.

Oncological outcomes following robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy in a multiracial Asian population.

This study evaluates the oncological outcomes of RARP in a multiracial Asian population from a single institution. All suitable patients from 1st January 2003-30th June 2013 were identified from a prospectively maintained cancer registry. Peri-operative and oncological outcomes were analysed.

Renal cell carcinoma in patients with end-stage renal disease is associated with more favourable histological features and prognosis.

Objective: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with acquired cystic kidney disease are at higher risk of developing renal cell carcinoma (RCC) than the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and histopathological differences between ESRD patients and the general population with RCC.

Materials And Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from all nephrectomies performed for localized RCC from 2000 to 2010.

A rapid and label-free SERS detection method for biomarkers in clinical biofluids.

A metal carbonyl-functionalized nanostructured substrate can be used in a rapid and simple assay for the detection of A1AT, a potential biomarker for bladder cancer, in clinical urine samples. The assay involves monitoring changes in the carbonyl stretching vibrations of the metal carbonyl via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). These vibrations lie in the absorption spectral window of 1800-2200 cm(-1), which is free of any spectral interference from biomolecules.

Sensitive SERS glucose sensing in biological media using alkyne functionalized boronic acid on planar substrates.

In this work, we propose a novel glucose binding mechanism on a highly sensitive SERS substrate, in order to overcome challenges in specific glucose detection in bio-fluids. We make use of phenylboronic acid as a receptor for saccharide capture onto the substrate and the ability of the captured glucose molecule to undergo secondary binding with an alkyne-functionalized boronic acid to form a glucose-alkyne-boronic acid complex. The formation of this complex shows high selectivity for glucose, over other saccharides.

Sensitive SERS-pH sensing in biological media using metal carbonyl functionalized planar substrates.

Conventional nanoparticle based Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique for pH sensing often fails due to the aggregation of particles when detecting in acidic medium or biosamples having high ionic strength. Here, We develop SERS based pH sensing using a novel Raman reporter, arene chromium tricarbonyl linked aminothiophenol (Cr(CO)3-ATP), functionalized onto a nano-roughened planar substrates coated with gold. Unlike the SERS spectrum of the ATP molecule that dominates in the 400-1700 cm(-1) region, which is highly interfered by bio-molecules signals, metal carbonyl-ATP (Cr(CO)3)-ATP) offers the advantage of monitoring the pH dependent strong CO stretching vibrations in the mid-IR (1800-2200 cm(-1)) range.

A transition metal carbonyl probe for use in a highly specific and sensitive SERS-based assay for glucose.

A triosmium carbonyl cluster-boronic acid conjugate is used as a secondary carbohydrate probe in a SERS-based assay. The assay does not require conjugation of the metal carbonyl probe to a SERS-active species, and it utilizes the CO stretching vibrations of the metal carbonyl, which lies in a silent region of the SERS spectrum (1800-2200 cm(-1)), for quantification. High selectivity for glucose over fructose and galactose is obtained, and a human urine sample doped with glucose is detected accurately.