Reproducibility of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the short-term reproducibility of measurements of whole-body and subregion bone mass and density, as well as body composition, made by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Bone mineral content, bone mineral density and body composition were measured on two occasions, 1 to 2 weeks apart, in 21 women (average age, 20.9 [standard deviation 1.

Characteristics of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

Objective: Our purpose was to compare characteristics of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in relation to human immunodeficiency virus infection among women referred to a public hospital colposcopy clinic with Papanicolaou smears showing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Study Design: An evaluation of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia severity, lesion size, and vulvovaginal lesions with respect to human immunodeficiency virus status was performed.

Results: (1) Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence in 482 women with cytologic characteristics of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was 13%.

The reproducibility of 109Cd-based X-ray fluorescence measurements of bone lead.

We assessed the reproducibility of X-ray fluorescence-based lead measurements from multiple measurements made on a low-concentration plaster of paris phantom and in five subjects measured five times on two occasions. Over a 6-month period, 220 measurements of the same phantom were obtained and showed a standard deviation of 1.29 micrograms Pb (g plaster of paris)-1.

Measurement of the natural uranium content of fabricated, tissue substitute lung sets by dual photon absorptiometry.

The assessment of tissue substitute materials by dual photon absorptiometry has been extended to detect the presence of high atomic weight materials. Commercial dual photon systems dedicated to the measurement of bone mineral mass can be used to detect other elements in fabricated tissue phantoms. The technique is sufficiently sensitive to quantitate the mass of natural uranium that had been distributed throughout the lungs of a thorax phantom.

Comparison of whole and split weight training routines in young women.

Thirty young women comprised three groups (n = 10 in each): whole routine (W) training, split routine training (S), and control. The W group did four upper (five sets, 6-10 RM) and three lower body (five sets, 10-12 RM) weight training exercises together in single sessions twice a week for 20 weeks. The S group did the upper body exercises 2 days a week and the lower body exercises on 2 other days of the week.

Effects of 2 years of hormone replacement upon bone mass, serum lipids and lipoproteins.

The objective of this study was to measure the effects on postmenopausal women of 2 years of either a low dose or a moderate dose regimen of hormone replacement upon bone mass and serum cardiovascular risk factors. After 6 months of calcium supplementation, 75 women chose to add hormone replacement or to remain on calcium. Those choosing hormones were randomised to either 0.

Increased damage to type II collagen in osteoarthritic articular cartilage detected by a new immunoassay.

A new immunoassay was developed to detect denaturation of type II collagen in osteoarthritis (OA). A peptide, alpha 1 (II)-CB11B, located in the CB11 peptide of type II collagen, was synthesized and used to produce a monoclonal antibody (COL2-3/4m) of the IgG1 (kappa) isotype. This reacts with a defined epitope in denatured but not native type II collagen and the alpha 3 chain of type XI collagen.

Dynamical assessment of physiological systems and states using recurrence plot strategies.

Physiological systems are best characterized as complex dynamical processes that are continuously subjected to and updated by nonlinear feedforward and feedback inputs. System outputs usually exhibit wide varieties of behaviors due to dynamical interactions between system components, external noise perturbations, and physiological state changes. Complicated interactions occur at a variety of hierarchial levels and involve a number of interacting variables, many of which are unavailable for experimental measurement.

Correlates and determinants of bone mineral content and density in healthy adolescent girls.

The relationships between whole-body and lumbar spine bone mineral content and density, and measures of chronologic age, body composition, physical activity, cardiorespiratory and strength fitness, gynecologic attributes, sexual maturity, and endocrine status were studied in 35 healthy menarcheal girls (14-18 years of age). Body mass (0.464 < r < 0.

The family of organo-phosphate transport proteins includes a transmembrane regulatory protein.

This review article briefly summarizes aspects of our current understanding of the Uhp sugar phosphate transport system in enteric bacteria, particularly the mode of genetic regulation of its synthesis. This regulation occurs by a process that involves an example of the very widespread and ever-growing group of so-called two-component bacterial regulatory systems, a mechanism of response to environmental signals that employs phosphate transfer reactions between constituent proteins. Of emphasis here is the unusual involvement in transmembrane signaling of the UhpC protein which is related in sequence and structure to some transport proteins, including the very protein whose synthesis it helps regulate.

Benign lymphoepithelial lesions of the parotid.

Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy has been well described in patients with seropositivity to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Moreover, isolated enlargement of the parotid gland and parotid lymphadenopathy have been noted much more frequently over the past few years. Histologically, these lesions demonstrate follicular hyperplasia, cystic dilatation of the ducts lined by pseudo-stratified squamous epithelium, and lymphocytic infiltrates.

A multi-element isotopic tracer assessment of true fractional absorption of minerals from formula with additives of calcium, phosphorus, zinc, copper and iron in young piglets.

True fractional absorption of minerals was measured to determine the bioavailability of Zn, Fe, Mn and Se from liquid formulas fortified with stepwise additions of Ca and P (as Ca glycerophosphate and carbonate, Ca*P), and Zn, Cu and Fe (as sulfate salts). Growth, deposition of tracers in organs and bone mineral content of femurs as assessed by single photon absorptiometry were measured. Four-day-old piglets (n = 36) were randomly assigned to groups fed a basal diet or additions of Ca*P (Ca = 25, P = 18 g/kg dry diet), Ca*P+Zn (Zn = 0.

Comparison of three techniques for body composition analysis in cystic fibrosis.

Body composition analysis is an important component of nutritional assessment in cystic fibrosis (CF). No gold standard of measurement exists, and techniques applicable to healthy populations may be unsuitable for CF patients. We assessed lean body mass (LBM) in 12 children with CF by skinfold (SK) measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) and repeated these measures in 10 subjects 6 mo later.

An improved instrument for the in vivo detection of lead in bone.

An improved instrument for the fluorescence excitation measurement of concentrations of lead in bone has been developed. This is based on a large area high purity germanium detector and a point source of 109Cd. The source is positioned in a tungsten shield at the centre of the detector face such that 88keV photons cannot enter the detector directly.

Body composition and bone mineral distribution during growth in females.

The total mass of lean tissue, fat and bone mineral was measured in a cross-sectional study by dual-photon absorptiometry in 76 normal, ambulatory females aged 8 to 26 years. These measurements allowed quantification of average total-body bone mineral density and assessment of the mass and the average density of bone mineral in different regions of the body, specifically the head and the legs. Both total-body and regional results are presented as logistic functions of age; the functions were derived by nonlinear regression analysis.

Phase-dependent properties of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum oscillator in cat right atrium: a mechanism contributing to dysrhythmias induced by Ca2+ overload.

These experiments analyse the phase-dependent properties of spontaneous oscillations of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) induced by Ca2+ overload. Right atrial tissue was loaded with intracellular Ca2+ by exposure to a modified Tyrode solution containing 50% of normal Na+ and 0.5 mM K+.

The induction of arthritis in mice by the cartilage proteoglycan aggrecan: roles of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.

Peripheral arthritis is produced in BALB/c mice after hyperimmunization with the cartilage proteoglycan aggrecan (PG). Adoptive transfer studies have suggested the roles of T cells including CD8+ T cells in the disease process. To evaluate the roles of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets in vivo in the induction of this disease by immunization, PG-immunized mice were treated with isotype-controlled rat IgG2b monoclonal anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 antibodies, or were left untreated.

Pap smear histories in a medical clinic: accuracy of patients' self-reports.

Women using the medical clinic of a public hospital were interviewed about their Pap smear histories to assess the accuracy of self-reported smears and to identify groups in need of further screening. Interview data from 263 women were compared with cytology files and hospital records. In spite of considerable agreement between patient report and record, patients reported significantly more recent smears than were documented.