The role of ABC transporter DrrABC in the export of PDIM in .

The virulence lipid phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM) is exported by a complex mechanism that involves multiple proteins including the Resistance-Nodulation-Division (RND) transporter MmpL7 and the lipoprotein LppX. Here, we probe the role of the putative heterooligomeric ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter complex composed of DrrA, DrrB and DrrC in PDIM transport by constructing a set of individual null mutants of , and in the vaccine strain BCG. Loss of all three, or individual genes, all resulted in a complete loss of PDIM export to the outer envelope of the mycobacterial cell.

Efficacy of a gelling-fibre dressing and a gelling-fibre dressing with silver nanoparticles at controlling exudate and infection: a 4-week multicentre clinical evaluation.

Background: Suprasorb Liquacel Pro (standard test dressing) and Suprasorb Liquacel Ag (test dressing with silver nanoparticles) are absorptive gelling-fibre dressings designed to manage wound exudate levels and promote moist wound healing, with the latter having additional antimicrobial properties.

Aims: To assess the impact of the test dressing on healing, exudate levels and signs of infection.

Methods: Patients with moderately-to-highly exuding hard-to-heal wounds of any type were dressed with the standard test dressing or the test dressing with silver nanoparticles if they showed covert or overt signs of local infection.

For preschoolers, word knowledge falls on a continuum: A novel framework for capturing the incremental process of word learning.

In gaining word knowledge, children's semantic representations are initially imprecise before becoming gradually refined. We developed and tested a framework for a digital receptive vocabulary assessment that captured varied levels of representation as children learn words. At pre-test and post-test, children selected one of four images to match a word's meaning: a correct target, a conceptually-related foil, a thematically-related foil, and a phonologically-similar foil.

Becoming word meaning experts: Infants' processing of familiar words in the context of typical and atypical exemplars.

How do infants become word meaning experts? This registered report investigated the structure of infants' early lexical representations by manipulating the typicality of exemplars from familiar animal categories. 14- to 18-month-old infants (N = 84; 51 female; M = 15.7 months; race/ethnicity: 64% White, 8% Asian, 2% Hispanic, 1% Black, and 23% multiple categories; participating 2022-2023) were tested on their ability to recognize typical and atypical category exemplars after hearing familiar basic-level category labels.

A contact binary satellite of the asteroid (152830) Dinkinesh.

Asteroids with diameters less than about 5 km have complex histories because they are small enough for radiative torques (that is, YORP, short for the Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack effect) to be a notable factor in their evolution. (152830) Dinkinesh is a small asteroid orbiting the Sun near the inner edge of the main asteroid belt with a heliocentric semimajor axis of 2.19 AU; its S-type spectrum is typical of bodies in this part of the main belt.

Comparison of Tricaine Methanesulfonate (MS-222) and Alfaxalone Anesthesia in Zebrafish ().

The research use of zebrafish has risen exponentially over the past decade while anesthetic options have remained largely unchanged. ricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) is widely accepted as an anesthetic for routine husbandry procedures, however it has limitations and safety concerns. A greater variety of effective anesthetic options for surgical procedures would be advantageous for the research community.

A Pharmacokinetic and Analgesic Efficacy Study of Carprofen in Female CD1 Mice.

The minimization of pain in research animals is a scientific and ethical necessity. Carprofen is commonly used for pain management in mice; however, some data suggest that the standard dosage of 5 mg/kg may not provide adequate analgesia after surgery. We hypothesized that a higher dose of carprofen in mice would reduce pain-associated behaviors and improve analgesia without toxic effects.

Detecting, Distinguishing, and Spatiotemporally Tracking Photogenerated Charge and Heat at the Nanoscale.

Since dissipative processes are ubiquitous in semiconductors, characterizing how electronic and thermal energy transduce and transport at the nanoscale is vital for understanding and leveraging their fundamental properties. For example, in low-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), excess heat generation upon photoexcitation is difficult to avoid since even with modest injected exciton densities exciton-exciton annihilation still occurs. Both heat and photoexcited electronic species imprint transient changes in the optical response of a semiconductor, yet the distinct signatures of each are difficult to disentangle in typical spectra due to overlapping resonances.

Ejecta from the DART-produced active asteroid Dimorphos.

Some active asteroids have been proposed to be formed as a result of impact events. Because active asteroids are generally discovered by chance only after their tails have fully formed, the process of how impact ejecta evolve into a tail has, to our knowledge, not been directly observed. The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission of NASA, in addition to having successfully changed the orbital period of Dimorphos, demonstrated the activation process of an asteroid resulting from an impact under precisely known conditions.

Zwitterions in 3D Perovskites: Organosulfide-Halide Perovskites.

Although sulfide perovskites usually require high-temperature syntheses, we demonstrate that organosulfides can be used in the milder syntheses of halide perovskites. The zwitterionic organosulfide, cysteamine (CYS; NH(CH)S), serves as both the X site and A site in the ABX halide perovskites, yielding the first examples of 3D organosulfide-halide perovskites: (CYS)PbX (X = Cl or Br). Notably, the band structures of (CYS)PbX capture the direct bandgaps and dispersive bands of APbX perovskites.

Recurrent sudden cardiac death secondary to anomalous right coronary artery: Insights into prevalence and management.

A 32-year-old woman presented after ventricular fibrillation arrest requiring three defibrillations. The episode coincided with an upper respiratory infection and physical exertion. Eight years prior, she survived another cardiac arrest of unknown cause during childbirth.

Large-scale cryovolcanic resurfacing on Pluto.

The New Horizons spacecraft returned images and compositional data showing that terrains on Pluto span a variety of ages, ranging from relatively ancient, heavily cratered areas to very young surfaces with few-to-no impact craters. One of the regions with very few impact craters is dominated by enormous rises with hummocky flanks. Similar features do not exist anywhere else in the imaged solar system.

A Framework for Online Experimenter-Moderated Looking-Time Studies Assessing Infants' Linguistic Knowledge.

Online data collection methods pose unique challenges and opportunities for infant researchers. Looking-time measures require relative timing precision to link eye-gaze behavior to stimulus presentation, particularly for tasks that require visual stimuli to be temporally linked to auditory stimuli, which may be disrupted when studies are delivered online. Concurrently, by widening potential geographic recruitment areas, online data collection may also provide an opportunity to diversify participant samples that are not possible given in-lab data collection.

Muscle-sparing thoracotomy: Anatomy and technique.

The thoracotomy incision is essential for many thoracic surgery procedures. A number of different variations exist, and different techniques can be used, depending both on the patient and on the technical factors. The muscle-sparing technique was first described by Noirclerc et al.

Does Maintenance of Pulmonary Blood Flow Pulsatility at the Time of the Fontan Operation Improve Hemodynamic Outcome in Functionally Univentricular Hearts?

It is unclear whether residual anterograde pulmonary blood flow (APBF) at the time of Fontan is beneficial. Pulsatile pulmonary flow may be important in maintaining a compliant and healthy vascular circuit. We, therefore, wished to ascertain whether there was hemodynamic evidence that residual pulsatile flow at time of Fontan promotes clinical benefit.

Eight New Species of Sucking Lice (Psocodea: Phthiraptera) From Endemic Murine Rodents in Australia and an Updated Identification Key.

Based on a comprehensive study of museum specimens, eight new species of sucking lice of the genus Hoplopleura Enderlein, 1904 (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae), are described from six genera of Australian Old Endemic rodents: Conilurus Ogilby, 1838 (Rodentia: Muridae), Leggadina Thomas, 1910 (Rodentia: Muridae), Leporillus Thomas, 1906 (Rodentia: Muridae), Mesembriomys Palmer, 1906 (Rodentia: Muridae), Pogonomys Milne-Edwards, 1877 (Rodentia: Muridae), and Xeromys Thomas, 1889 (Rodentia: Muridae). The description of these new species increases the number of sucking louse species from endemic Australian rodents from 13 to 21 and extends the records of sucking lice to all of the 14 genera of endemic rodents in Australia. Our results show that sucking lice are much more diverse among rodents in Australia than previously known.

Tmc proteins are essential for zebrafish hearing where Tmc1 is not obligatory.

Perception of sound is initiated by mechanically gated ion channels at the tips of stereocilia. Mature mammalian auditory hair cells require transmembrane channel-like 1 (TMC1) for mechanotransduction, and mutations of the cognate genetic sequences result in dominant or recessive heritable deafness forms in humans and mice. In contrast, zebrafish lateral line hair cells, which detect water motion, require Tmc2a and Tmc2b.

"It Is Important for Everyone as Humans to Feel Important, ?" Findings from a Community-Based Participatory Needs Assessment with Street-level Sex Workers.

A community-based participatory research design informed the development and conduct of a needs assessment with street-level sex workers within a mid-sized city in Ontario, Canada. The research question was: What would help street-level sex workers to live with enhanced safety and dignity within their community? Twenty-four women who accessed a peer-driven drop-in center (SafeSpace) participated in in-depth interviews. Observational data of items requested by women who accessed SafeSpace were also documented over a 6-month time period.

The solar nebula origin of (486958) Arrokoth, a primordial contact binary in the Kuiper Belt.

The New Horizons spacecraft's encounter with the cold classical Kuiper Belt object (486958) Arrokoth (provisional designation 2014 MU) revealed a contact-binary planetesimal. We investigated how Arrokoth formed and found that it is the product of a gentle, low-speed merger in the early Solar System. Its two lenticular lobes suggest low-velocity accumulation of numerous smaller planetesimals within a gravitationally collapsing cloud of solid particles.

The geology and geophysics of Kuiper Belt object (486958) Arrokoth.

The Cold Classical Kuiper Belt, a class of small bodies in undisturbed orbits beyond Neptune, is composed of primitive objects preserving information about Solar System formation. In January 2019, the New Horizons spacecraft flew past one of these objects, the 36-kilometer-long contact binary (486958) Arrokoth (provisional designation 2014 MU). Images from the flyby show that Arrokoth has no detectable rings, and no satellites (larger than 180 meters in diameter) within a radius of 8000 kilometers.

Color, composition, and thermal environment of Kuiper Belt object (486958) Arrokoth.

The outer Solar System object (486958) Arrokoth (provisional designation 2014 MU) has been largely undisturbed since its formation. We studied its surface composition using data collected by the New Horizons spacecraft. Methanol ice is present along with organic material, which may have formed through irradiation of simple molecules.

Intracellular and in vivo evaluation of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-carboxamide anti-tuberculosis compounds.

The imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-carboxamides (ITAs) are a promising class of anti-tuberculosis agents shown to have potent activity in vitro and to target QcrB, a key component of the mycobacterial cytochrome bcc-aa3 super complex critical for the electron transport chain. Herein we report the intracellular macrophage potency of nine diverse ITA analogs with MIC values ranging from 0.0625-2.

Detection of ammonia on Pluto's surface in a region of geologically recent tectonism.

We report the detection of ammonia (NH) on Pluto's surface in spectral images obtained with the New Horizons spacecraft that show absorption bands at 1.65 and 2.2 μm.