A novel, quantitative clot retraction assay to evaluate platelet function.

Blood platelets are crucial to prevent excessive bleeding following injury to blood vessels. Platelets are crucial for the formation of clots and for clot strength. Platelet activation involves aggregation, attachment to fibrin and clot retraction.

IL-23 Contributes to -Induced Intestinal Pathology Promoting IL-17 and IFNγ Responses by Innate Lymphoid Cells.

Human pathogen is a significant risk factor for the development of long-term intestinal dysfunction although the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain scantily defined. IL-23 is an emerging therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory intestinal diseases, however its role in -driven intestinal pathology is not fully understood. IL-10 deficient mice represent a robust model to study the pathogenesis of infection because infection of mice lacking IL-10 results in symptoms and pathology that resemble human campylobacteriosis.

Campylobacter infection promotes IFNγ-dependent intestinal pathology via ILC3 to ILC1 conversion.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a heterogeneous family of immune regulators that protect against mucosal pathogens but can also promote intestinal pathology. Although the plasticity between ILCs populations has been described, the role of mucosal pathogens in inducing ILC conversion leading to intestinal pathology remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that IFNγ-producing ILCs are responsible for promoting intestinal pathology in a mouse model of enterocolitis caused by Campylobacter jejuni, a common human enteric pathogen.

Burn resuscitation strategy influences the gut microbiota-liver axis in swine.

Fluid resuscitation improves clinical outcomes of burn patients; however, its execution in resource-poor environments may have to be amended with limited-volume strategies. Liver dysfunction is common in burn patients and gut dysbiosis is an understudied aspect of burn sequelae. Here, the swine gut microbiota and liver transcripts were investigated to determine the impact of standard-of-care modified Brooke (MB), limited-volume colloid (LV-Co), and limited-volume crystalloid (LV-Cr) resuscitation on the gut microbiota, and to evaluate its' potential relationship with liver dysfunction.

Europium-Doped Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Limit Reactive Oxygen Species Formation and Ameliorate Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Accumulating evidence suggests that ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury is associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study demonstrates the therapeutic effectiveness of novel europium-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles (Eu-doped Ceria NPs) as ROS scavengers in a mouse model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury. An increased production of superoxide radicals is detected in the intestine throughout the ischemia stage and again after initiating reperfusion.

A single nucleotide change in mutY increases the emergence of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter jejuni mutants.

Objectives: Mutator strains play an important role in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses worldwide and is increasingly resistant to clinically important antibiotics. The objective of this study was to identify the genetic basis that contributes to a mutator phenotype in Campylobacter and determine the role of this phenotype in the development of antibiotic resistance.

Adaptive mechanisms of Campylobacter jejuni to erythromycin treatment.

Background: Macrolide is the drug of choice to treat human campylobacteriosis, but Campylobacter resistance to this antibiotic is rising. The mechanisms employed by Campylobacter jejuni to adapt to erythromycin treatment remain unknown and are examined in this study. The transcriptomic response of C.

Advances in Campylobacter biology and implications for biotechnological applications.

Campylobacter jejuni is a major foodborne pathogen of animal origin and a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. During the past decade, especially since the publication of the first C. jejuni genome sequence, major advances have been made in understanding the pathobiology and physiology of this organism.

Phenotypic and genotypic evidence for L-fucose utilization by Campylobacter jejuni.

Campylobacter jejuni remains among the leading causes of bacterial food-borne illness. The current understanding of Campylobacter physiology suggests that it is asaccharolytic and is unable to catabolize exogenous carbohydrates. Contrary to this paradigm, we provide evidence for l-fucose utilization by C.

Effect of preslaughter events on prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in market-weight turkeys.

The effects of events which occur prior to slaughter, such as loading, transport, and holding at an abattoir, on the prevalence of Campylobacter species, including Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, were examined. Cloacal swabs from market-weight turkeys in each of five flocks were obtained on a farm prior to loading (time 1; 120 swabs per flock) and after transport and holding at the abattoir (time 2; 120 swabs per flock). A statistically significant increase in the overall prevalence of Campylobacter spp.

Discrimination among Listeria monocytogenes isolates using a mixed genome DNA microarray.

Listeria monocytogenes can cause serious illness in humans, usually following the ingestion of contaminated food. Epidemiologic investigation requires identification of specific isolates, usually done by a combination of serotyping and subtyping using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). DNA microarrays provide a new format to resolve genetic differences among isolates and, unlike PFGE, to identify specific genes associated with the infecting pathogen.