Effects of acepromazine or dexmedetomidine on fentanyl disposition in dogs during recovery from isoflurane anesthesia.

Objective: To describe fentanyl pharmacokinetics during isoflurane anesthesia and on recovery from anesthesia with concurrent administration of acepromazine, dexmedetomidine or saline in dogs.

Study Design: Experimental blinded, randomized, crossover study.

Animals: Seven adult hound dogs.

Cardiopulmonary effects of intravenous fentanyl infusion in dogs during isoflurane anesthesia and with concurrent acepromazine or dexmedetomidine administration during anesthetic recovery.

Objective: To evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects of IV fentanyl administration in dogs during isoflurane anesthesia and during anesthetic recovery with or without dexmedetomidine or acepromazine.

Animals: 7 sexually intact male purpose-bred hound-type dogs aged 11 to 12 months.

Procedures: Dogs received a loading dose of fentanyl (5 μg/kg, IV) followed by an IV infusion (5 μg/kg/h) for 120 minutes while anesthetized with isoflurane and for an additional 60 minutes after anesthesia was discontinued.

Cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of the peripheral α2-adrenoceptor antagonist MK 0467 administered intravenously or intramuscularly concurrently with medetomidine in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of the peripheral α(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist MK 0467 when administered IM or IV concurrently with medetomidine in dogs.

Animals: 8 adult dogs.

Procedures: Dogs received 20 μg of medetomidine/kg, IM, alone or concurrently with MK 0467 (0.

Effects of hypercapnia, hypocapnia, and hyperoxemia on brain morphometrics determined by use of T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of various combinations of PaCO2 and PaO2 values on brain morphometrics.

Animals: 6 healthy adult dogs.

Procedures: A modified Latin square design for randomization was used.

Effects of hypercapnia, hypocapnia, and hyperoxemia on blood oxygenation level-dependent signal intensity determined by use of susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.

Objective: To assess the effects of alterations in PaCO(2) and PaO(2) on blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal intensity determined by use of susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in brains of isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.

Animals: 6 healthy dogs.

Procedures: In each dog, anesthesia was induced with propofol (6 to 8 mg/kg, IV) and maintained with isoflurane (1.

Cardiopulmonary effects of diazepam-ketamine-isoflurane or xylazine-ketamine-isoflurane during abdominal surgery in foals.

Objective: To evaluate cardiopulmonary effects of anesthetic induction with diazepam and ketamine or xylazine and ketamine, with subsequent maintenance of anesthesia with isoflurane, in foals undergoing abdominal surgery.

Animals: 17 pony foals.

Procedures: Foals underwent laparotomy at 7 to 15 days of age and laparoscopy 7 to 10 days later.

Evaluation of transpulmonary thermodilution as a method to measure cardiac output in anesthetized cats.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of a transpulmonary thermodilution (Trans) technique for the measurement of cardiac output, and to determine the agreement between Trans and conventional thermodilution (TD) in anesthetized cats. Using each technique, cardiac output was measured in 5 mature cats (weights 2.4 to 5.

Effects of a peripheral alpha2 adrenergic-receptor antagonist on the hemodynamic changes induced by medetomidine administration in conscious dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of administration of a peripheral alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor antagonist (L-659,066), with and without concurrent administration of glycopyrrolate, on cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine administration in dogs.

Animals: 6 healthy adult dogs.

Procedures: Dogs received saline (0.

Cardiopulmonary effects of anesthetic induction with thiopental, propofol, or a combination of ketamine hydrochloride and diazepam in dogs sedated with a combination of medetomidine and hydromorphone.

Objective: To evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects of anesthetic induction with thiopental, propofol, or ketamine hydrochloride and diazepam in dogs sedated with medetomidine and hydromorphone.

Animals: 6 healthy adult dogs.

Procedures: Dogs received 3 induction regimens in a randomized crossover study.

Sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride and their reversal with atipamezole hydrochloride in calves.

Objective: To assess the sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine and xylazine and their reversal with atipamezole in calves.

Animals: 25 calves.

Procedures: A 2-phase (7-day interval) study was performed.

Cardiopulmonary effects of administration of a combination solution of xylazine, guaifenesin, and ketamine or inhaled isoflurane in mechanically ventilated calves.

Objective: To compare the cardiopulmonary effects of administration of a solution of xylazine, guaifenesin, and ketamine (XGK) or inhaled isoflurane in mechanically ventilated calves undergoing surgery.

Animals: 13 male calves 2 to 26 days of age. Procedures-In calves in the XGK group, anesthesia was induced (0.

Postoperative effects of anesthesia and surgery on resting energy expenditure in horses as measured by indirect calorimetry.

In this study, we aimed to define the effects of anesthesia and surgery on the resting energy expenditure of horses in experimental conditions. Six horses were used in a longitudinal study with 2 study periods: before and after anesthesia and surgery. Every horse underwent a standard 90-min ventral midline exploratory laparotomy.

Comparison of hemodynamic, clinicopathologic, and gastrointestinal motility effects and recovery characteristics of anesthesia with isoflurane and halothane in horses undergoing arthroscopic surgery.

Objective: To compare hemodynamic, clinicopathologic, and gastrointestinal motility effects and recovery characteristics of halothane and isoflurane in horses undergoing arthroscopic surgery.

Animals: 8 healthy adult horses.

Procedure: Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane or halothane (crossover study).

Evaluation of a lithium dilution cardiac output technique as a method for measurement of cardiac output in anesthetized cats.

Objective: To evaluate the use of a lithium dilution cardiac output (LiDCO) technique for measurement of CO and determine the agreement between LiDCO and thermodilution CO (TDCO) values in anesthetized cats.

Animals: 6 mature cats.

Procedure: Cardiac output in isoflurane-anesthetized cats was measured via each technique.

Comparison of arterial pressure waveform analysis with the lithium dilution technique to monitor cardiac output in anesthetized dogs.

Objective: To assess agreement between arterial pressure waveform-derived cardiac output (PCO) and lithium dilution cardiac output (LiDCO) systems in measurements of various levels of cardiac output (CO) induced by changes in anesthetic depth and administration of inotropic drugs in dogs.

Animals: 6 healthy dogs.

Procedure: Dogs were anesthetized on 2 occasions separated by at least 5 days.

In vivo interaction of pulmonary intravascular macrophages with activated platelets in microvessels of equine lung after multiple exposures to halothane, isoflurane, and thiamylal: a comparative ultrastructural and cytochemical study.

The pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs) of equines contain a unique electron-dense surface coat that is predominantly composed of lipoproteins. A single exposure of inhalatory halothane causes mobilization of the surface coat into the endocytotic system of the PIMs, followed by expansion of the Golgi apparatus and its enrichment with acid phosphatase. Simultaneously, the cells of the lymphocytic series show hyperplasia in the form of mitotic changes inside the microvascular compartment of the lung.

Cardiopulmonary effects of romifidine/ketamine or xylazine/ketamine when used for short duration anesthesia in the horse.

The cardiovascular changes associated with anesthesia induced and maintained with romifidine/ketamine versus xylazine/ ketamine were compared using 6 horses in a cross over design. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with romifidine (100 microg/kg, IV)/ketamine (2.0 mg/kg, IV) and ketamine (0.

Effects of a muscarinic type-2 antagonist on cardiorespiratory function and intestinal transit in horses anesthetized with halothane and xylazine.

Objective: To evaluate the cardiorespiratory and intestinal effects of the muscarinic type-2 (M2) antagonist, methoctramine, in anesthetized horses.

Animals: 6 horses.

Procedure: Horses were allocated to 2 treatments in a randomized complete block design.

Effects of glycopyrrolate on cardiorespiratory function in horses anesthetized with halothane and xylazine.

Objective: To evaluate cardiopulmonary effects of glycopyrrolate in horses anesthetized with halothane and xylazine.

Animals: 6 horses.

Procedure: Horses were allocated to 2 treatment groups in a randomized complete block design.

The echocardiographic effects of romifidine in dogs with and without prior or concurrent administration of glycopyrrolate.

Objective: To determine the cardiopulmonary response to romifidine (RO) in the dog with or without prior or concurrent administration of glycopyrrolate.

Study Design: Randomized, cross-over experimental study.

Animals: Six (three male, three female) cross-bred dogs weighing 23 +/- 2.

Accuracy of pulse oximetry and capnography in healthy and compromised horses during spontaneous and controlled ventilation.

The objective of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the accuracy of pulse oximetry and capnography in healthy and compromised horses during general anesthesia with spontaneous and controlled ventilation. Horses anesthetized in a dorsal recumbency position for arthroscopy (n = 20) or colic surgery (n = 16) were instrumented with an earlobe probe from the pulse oximeter positioned on the tip of the tongue and a sample line inserted at the Y-piece for capnography. The horses were allowed to breathe spontaneously (SV) for the first 20 min after induction, and thereafter ventilation was controlled (IPPV).

Comparison of a central and a peripheral (cephalic vein) injection site for the measurement of cardiac output using the lithium-dilution cardiac output technique in anesthetized dogs.

The objective of this study was to determine the agreement between cardiac output measured by central (cranial vena cava) versus peripheral (cephalic vein) venous injection of lithium chloride for lithium-dilution cardiac output (LiDCO) determination in the dog. Five dogs (2 males, 3 females), anesthetized with halothane, were used. With each dog, 12 alternating central and peripheral LiDCO measurements were made, resulting in 10 paired comparisons.

Effect of background serum lithium concentrations on the accuracy of lithium dilution cardiac output determination in dogs.

Objectives: To assess the effect of increasing serum lithium concentrations on lithium dilution cardiac output (LiDCO) determination and to determine the ability to predict the serum lithium concentration from the cumulative lithium chloride dosage.

Animals: 10 dogs (7 males, 3 females).

Procedure: Cardiac output (CO) was determined in anesthetized dogs by measuring LiDCO and thermodilution cardiac output (TDCO).

The cardiopulmonary effects of romifidine in dogs with and without prior or concurrent administration of glycopyrrolate.

Objective: To determine the electrocardiographic and cardiopulmonary effects of romifidine with and without prior or concurrent administration of glycopyrrolate.

Study Design: Randomized crossover experimental study.

Animals: Six (three male, three female) cross-bred dogs weighing 23 ± 2.