Seattle proportional risk model in GISSI-HF: Estimated benefit of ICD in patients with EF less than 50.

Background: The Seattle Proportional Risk Model (SPRM) estimates the proportion of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in heart failure (HF) patients, identifying those most likely to benefit from implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy (those with ≥50% estimated proportion of SCD). The GISSI-HF trial tested fish oil and rosuvastatin in HF patients. We used the SPRM to evaluate its accuracy in this cohort in predicting potential ICD benefit in patients with EF ≤50% and an SPRM-predicted proportion of SCD either ≥50% or <50%.

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance, Electromechanical Activation, Kidney Function, and Natriuretic Peptides in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Upgrades.

As the mechanism for worse prognosis after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) upgrades in heart failure patients with RVP dependence (RVP-HF) has clinical implications for patient selection and CRT implementation approaches, this study's objective was to evaluate prognostic implications of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) findings and clinical factors in 102 HF patients (23.5% female, median age 66.5 years old, median follow-up 4.

Predicting 1-Year Mortality in Outpatients With Heart Failure With Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: Do Empiric Models Outperform Physician Intuitive Estimates? A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: Many studies have demonstrated that physicians often err in estimating patient prognosis. No studies have directly compared physician to model predictive performance in heart failure (HF). We aimed to compare the accuracy of physician versus model predictions of 1-year mortality.

Beta-blocker use and mortality among patients with systolic heart failure and pacemaker rhythm.

Aims: Beta-blockers are proven to improve survival among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Their efficacy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and pacemaker devices has not been demonstrated. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that beta-blocker therapy is associated with improved survival in patients with chronic heart failure and a pacemaker rhythm on electrocardiogram (ECG).

Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure: A 20-Year Perspective From a Mediterranean Cohort.

Background: The prediction of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in heart failure (HF) remains an unmet need. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of SCD over 20 years in outpatients with HF managed in a Mediterranean multidisciplinary HF Clinic, and to compare the proportion of SCD (SCD/all-cause death) to the expected proportional occurrence based on the validated Seattle Proportional Risk Model (SPRM) score.

Methods And Results: This prospective observational registry study included 2772 outpatients with HF admitted between August 2001 and May 2021.

Design of the remedē System Therapy (rēST) study: A prospective non-randomized post-market study collecting clinical data on safety and effectiveness of the remedē system for the treatment of central sleep apnea.

Background: Central sleep apnea (CSA) is a disorder defined by lack of respiratory drive from the brain stem on breathing efforts. There is a lack of established therapies for CSA and most available therapies are limited by poor patient adherence, limited randomized controlled studies, and potentially adverse cardiovascular effects. The remedē System (ZOLL Respicardia, Inc.

Survival Probability and Survival Benefit Associated With Primary Prevention Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Generator Changes.

Background As patients derive variable benefit from generator changes (GCs) of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) with an original primary prevention (PP) indication, better predictors of outcomes are needed. Methods and Results In the National Cardiovascular Data Registry ICD Registry, patients undergoing GCs of initial non-cardiac resynchronization therapy PP ICDs in 2012 to 2016, predictors of post-GC survival and survival benefit versus control heart failure patients without ICDs were assessed. These included predicted annual mortality based on the Seattle Heart Failure Model, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >35%, and the probability that a patient's death would be arrhythmic (proportional risk of arrhythmic death [PRAD]).

Predictors of primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator use in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: impact of the predicted risk of sudden cardiac death and all-cause mortality.

Aims: Use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is limited. We aimed to investigate barriers to ICD use in HFrEF while considering the predicted risk of mortality and SCD.

Method And Results: Patients from the SwedeHF registered in 2011-2018 and with an indication for primary prevention ICD were analysed.

Mortality Risk Prediction Dynamics After Heart Failure Treatment Optimization: Repeat Risk Assessment Using Online Risk Calculators.

Objectives: Heart failure (HF) management has significantly improved over the past two decades, leading to better survival. This study aimed to assess changes in predicted mortality risk after 12 months of management in a multidisciplinary HF clinic.

Materials And Methods: Out of 1,032 consecutive HF outpatients admitted from March-2012 to November-2018, 357 completed the 12-months follow-up and had N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), high sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT), and interleukin-1 receptor-like-1 (known as ST2) measurements available both at baseline and follow-up.

Long-Term Outcomes and Risk Stratification of Patients With Heart Failure With Recovered Ejection Fraction.

This study aimed to understand the long-term outcomes of patients with heart failure with recovered ejection fraction, identify predictors of adverse events, and develop a risk stratification model. From an academic healthcare system, we retrospectively identified 133 patients (median age 66, 38% female, 30% ischemic etiology) who had an improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from <40% to ≥53%. Significant predictors of all-cause mortality, hospitalization, and future reduction in LVEF were identified through Cox regression analysis.

An updated systematic review on heart failure treatments for patients with renal impairment: the tide is not turning.

Advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) frequently aggravates heart failure (HF). However, these patients have inherently been excluded from most HF trials. We aim to provide updated estimates of the representation of patients with advanced CKD and the provision of baseline renal function indices in HF trials with a focused interest on the landmark trials.

Lack of Association Between Neurohormonal Blockade and Survival in Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis.

Background Despite the belief that heart failure therapies are not effective in transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis, data are limited. We tested the association of neurohormonal blockade use with survival. Methods and Results A total of 309 consecutive patients with transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis were identified.

Head-to-head comparison of contemporary heart failure risk scores.

Aims: Several heart failure (HF) web-based risk scores are currently used in clinical practice. Currently, we lack head-to-head comparison of the accuracy of risk scores. This study aimed to assess correlation and mortality prediction performance of Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC-HF) risk score, which includes clinical variables + medications; Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM), which includes clinical variables + treatments + analytes; PARADIGM Risk of Events and Death in the Contemporary Treatment of Heart Failure (PREDICT-HF) and Barcelona Bio-Heart Failure (BCN-Bio-HF) risk calculator, which also include biomarkers, like N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP).

Sudden cardiac death after acute decompensation in heart failure patients: implications of discharge haemoglobin levels.

Aims: Heart failure (HF) patients have a high risk of mortality due to sudden cardiac death (SCD) and non-SCD, including pump failure death (PFD). Anaemia predicts more severe symptomatic burden and higher morbidity, as noted by markedly increased hospitalizations and readmission rates, and mortality, underscoring its importance in HF management. Herein, we aimed to determine whether haemoglobin (Hb) level at discharge affects the mode of death and influences SCD risk prediction.

Treating symptoms and reversing remodelling: clinical and echocardiographic 1-year outcomes with percutaneous mitral annuloplasty for mild to moderate secondary mitral regurgitation.

Aims: To determine the effects of percutaneous mitral annuloplasty on symptoms, walk distance and left ventricular (LV) structure and function in patients with mild or moderate secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR).

Methods And Results: This was a pooled analysis of patients (n = 68) who, despite guideline-directed medical therapy had symptomatic heart failure (HF) with mild (n = 25) or moderate (n = 43) SMR treated with percutaneous mitral annuloplasty as part of the TITAN, TITAN II, or REDUCE-FMR trials. Primary outcomes were changes in symptoms, 6-min walk distance, and quality of life assessed by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) after 1 year.

The association between heart failure and incident cancer in women: an analysis of the Women's Health Initiative.

Aims: There is conflicting evidence whether heart failure (HF) is a risk factor for incident cancer. Despite population-based cohorts demonstrating this association, an analysis of the Physician's Health Study found no association in a cohort of mostly healthy males. We investigated the association of HF with incident cancer among a large cohort of post-menopausal women.

Functional outcomes with Carillon device over 1 year in patients with functional mitral regurgitation of Grades 2+ to 4+: results from the REDUCE-FMR trial.

Aims: The objective of this study was to compare functional outcomes through 1 year in patients with core-lab verified moderate to severe (Grades 2+ to 4+) functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) treated with the Carillon device or control in the blinded sham-controlled REDUCE-FMR (Carillon Mitral Contour System for Reducing Functional Mitral Regurgitation) study.

Methods And Results: The main outcomes of this analysis were the change in 6 min walk test (6MWT) distance, incidence of heart failure hospitalization or death, change in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, and change in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) score through 1 year of follow-up. The minimum clinically important difference (MCID) was defined as a ≥30 m increase in 6MWT distance, an NYHA decrease in ≥1 class, and a ≥3 point increase in KCCQ score.

Diuretic Dose and NYHA Functional Class Are Independent Predictors of Mortality in Patients With Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis.

Background: With increasing diagnoses and available treatment options for transthyretin amyloidosis cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM), risk stratification of ATTR-CM patients is imperative.

Objectives: We hypothesized that diuretic dose and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class are independent predictors of mortality in ATTR-CM and would be incrementally additive to existent risk scores.

Methods: Consecutive ATTR-CM patients referred to a single center were identified.