Effect of maintenance azithromycin on established bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in lung transplant patients.

Background: Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), the main cause of late mortality following lung transplantation, is defined as an irreversible decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Previous studies using azithromycin for BOS in lung transplant patients have demonstrated a potential reversibility of the decline in FEV1.

Objectives: To examine whether initiating azithromycin reverses decline in FEV1 in lung transplant recipients with established BOS of at least three months.

Epinephrine fails to hasten hemodynamic recovery in fully developed canine anaphylactic shock.

Background: Epinephrine (Epi) is the treatment of choice for reversing cardiovascular collapse in anaphylactic shock (AS). However, there are few data supporting its use in this condition, and most treatment guidelines have been anecdotally derived. In the present study, the time course of hemodynamic recovery from maximal hypotension was investigated in a canine model of AS in which Epi was administered by the intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SQ) and intramuscular (IM) routes on different occasions.